[Iustiniani Institutiones]

r Natural. sec. see also a natural son, that is, one who is in the aforementioned power, as in the Digest, title "On those who are adopted," reference to D. 1.7 i., in the beginning. For, in the aforementioned service of the emperor or the prefects of the province, they are made, in the aforementioned place, merit-worthy.
b Already in the place of merit as a son, as in the Authenticum a collection of Justinian's novels, "On the manner in which natural children are made legitimate," Nov. 89 § finally.
c Second, now he posits another example, "who, therefore," coll. collection viii.

a Interdict; for he had no other wife at the time of concubinage, otherwise the Digest refers to D. 23.2.14 as in the Code, "On the celebration of nuptials," law i.
b Constitution, as in the Code, "On natural children," law i., "When someone..."
c In the Institutes, i., with the end of the magistri masters, it is a mirror of such. Some say that if, as Placentinus a prominent 12th-century jurist and others say, when they are decorated with the greatest dignities, they make a marriage, as in the Authenticum, "On the legitimacy of marriage," Nov. 117 and the law "Long since," coll. viii., but better "On the manner in which natural children are made legitimate," coll. viii.
d Casta chaste, coll. vi. But say that matrimonium marriage is created by mutual consent without writing, as in the Authenticum, "On nuptials," and the Digest, "On the significance of words," law "Nuptials."
e If the first-born sons are legitimate, if dowries are made, if they are made, as in this, as facit he makes/it acts 13 Code, "On natural children," i. "When someone," and law "Nuptials," law "Emperor," and law "Finally," and in the Authenticum, as this holds.
g From the understanding of the definition, s. above i.
a In the Authenticum, "On sons born before the dowry/marriage," coll. ii., and in the Authenticum, "On the prohibition of nuptials," s. finally, coll. ii., and "On the third and half," s. finally.
d Constitution, as in the Code, "On natural children," i. "Nuptials," s. finally, if he has not made a wife for himself, even now such births are to be nourished by the father.
j To succeed by testament, in the whole, if the father wishes the legitimate heirs being present, already deceased, otherwise children into one.

who are of their own right original: "sui iuris". What is the species of adoption of arrogatio adoption of a person sui iuris by imperial authority. We adopt those who are in the power of their parents, whether of the first grade of children, a son, or inferiors, such as a grandson, granddaughter, great-grandson, or great-granddaughter. But today, by our constitution on children-in-power, if a natural son is given by the natural father to an extraneous person in adoption, the rights of the natural father are by no means dissolved, nor does anything pass to the adoptive father, nor is he in his power, although rights of succession from intestacy are bestowed upon him by us. But if the natural father does not give his son to an extraneous person, but to the maternal grandfather, or if the natural father himself has been emancipated, and he gives his son in adoption to the paternal or maternal grandfather or great-grandfather, in this case, because they occur in one province, only the natural ones are permitted to succeed the superiors, since they themselves, if they survive, prevent them, not in their line, because it is given to the superiors. From intestacy, he has two provinces, of the father and of the mother, to be divided manfully i.e., equally. If there are no ascendants or descendants, they themselves also... in legitimate births; but if they were born illicitly, they are excluded from every benefit, as in the Authenticum, "On the manner in which natural children are made legitimate," s. "discretis," or until the end of the constitution.

On Adoption. R.

Not only natural are to be understood, but also legitimate. Wherefore, distinguish: of sons, some are natural and legitimate, as those born from legitimate matrimony, as in this, and above, "On the power of the father," in the beginning. Others are natural only, as those born from concubines, as in the Digest... Others are legitimate only, as those adopted, of whom this title speaks. Others are neither natural nor legitimate by legal presumption, as metesuoosi uncertain/spurious, and others born illicitly, as in the Authenticum...

"On the manner in which natural children are made legitimate," s. finally, coll. vii. Others are those who were not previously legitimate, if now they are, and are made so in two ways, as in the Authenticum, "On the manner in which natural children are made legitimate," s. i., and Authenticum title i., in the end.
f We adopt, namely, in our aforementioned constitution, by this law, as b. and f. e. l. i., s. today, it is distinguished, as below, title "On those who are..." today.
g Adoption. Adoption is, according to Placentinus and Joannes, a legal name for the solace of those who have children, original: "solacii eorum, qui liberos habent", and the nature of the thing is changed if it is done by those who have children, adoption, as in the Digest, title i., nor to him, s. furthermore, and below, title "On those..." that it may be finished according to Placentinus: adoption is a legitimate act through which someone is made a son who is not in the power of nature, the law is changed, and it is a levity, as in the Digest, title i., and below, title "On those," "minor."
b Rescript. This is by the prince himself, or by another, in the migration, by delegation made through the prince, in the Code, title i. But what if there is no emperor? R. It cannot be done, it is withdrawn from the empire, in the Authenticum, "On how to perform..." coll. vii.
i Migrated, namely, by any ordinary magistrate, even the defender of the city, who might be the least, as in the Authenticum, "On the defenders," s. "nulla." And it is no wonder, since it is done by voluntary jurisdiction, as in the Digest, "On the office of the praetor," law i., in the additions.
k Arrogacio. Because the adopter asks him whom he adopts if he wishes him to be his legitimate son, and the adopted one asks if he suffers it to be done, as in the Digest, title i., seven verses. "I arrogate," that is, he who is his own, is mine, and it is necessary to proceed to the adoption... of the father remains the same. Inferior, in the following.

m But today the constitution, as in the Code, "On adoption," "When in adopted," Accursius.
n Natural and legitimate.
o Bestowed, i.e., in the aforementioned constitution and acting toward this, above i., "On the goods which from intestacy," someone else, which we find.
p Natural and legitimate.
q If however to the maternal grandfather, in whose power he was not previously, but now he is made, as it is subjected, as above, "On the power of the father," in the phrase.
r Emancipated, to whom he would be in power, how he would adopt him whom he has, certainly he cannot be more than a son or grandson, as b in the Digest, title "On the father," s. "who two." And understand at the time of emancipation the son is not conceived, who is now given in adoption, otherwise he would have remained in the power of the grandfather, as below, title i., s. finally.
s Legitimate, i.e., namely, make the distinction: not for a child in general/indistinctly, but for a son, as he distinguished in the grandfather who gives in adoption.