... Epitome troporum ac schematum et grammaticorum & rhetorum, ad authores tum prophanos tum sacros intelligendos non minus utilis quam necessaria

...the river most pleasing to the heavens, that is, to the celestial beings. Now pour out the libations to Jove, 'A happy century', etc. In this and the next that follows, the possessor is placed for the thing possessed, in 'we tremble at the miracle' and 'patrimony'. Third, when the content is taken for the container: such as, 'They crown the wines', 'The neighbor burns', 'Let us go to our house', 'Let us devour the man', 'I offer this to you to be eaten', 'To taste from the old man', where the master of the thing is placed for the thing itself. I refer these two modes to synecdoche. Fourth, when the efficient is understood from the effect: such as, 'pale death', Not in that sense, but because what follows they make. Some refer this mode, Virgil Aen. 6, to metalepsis, about which we will speak soon. 'sluggish cold', 'mournful fear', 'bold youth', 'pale diseases dwell', and 'sad old age', 'precipitous anger', 'cheerful adolescence', 'inconsiderate love', 'shameless night', 'bold wine', etc. Fifth, when we place the leader for those who are under him: such as, 'Hannibal was killed'. In which we do not speak of the source but of the work. Sixth, when we take the author for the work: such as, 'Virgil comes', 'Homer is sold', 'Terence is bought'. Seventh, when we use the signed for the sign, such as 'fasces' and 'axes' for consular authority, 'scepter' for kingdom, 'sword' for magistracy. Fasces. A Roman custom to carry the fasces... signifying the power to punish, after the sentence of the citizens. Eighth and finally, when we take the deed for the one who designed it: such as, 'Sacrilege has been caught', for the sacrilegious person. 'Punishment has been taken for the embezzlement', for the embezzler, etc.

4. Antonomasia Αὐτονομασία, is that which hands down a suitable nickname, so to speak, to someone; it is called Pronomination by Orators. This, according to Cicero, demonstrates with a foreign nickname that which cannot be called by its own name. And Fabius says, Antonomasia is that which places something for a name. It is most frequent in poets, not so in orators. It occurs in six ways. First, when patronymics are placed in the position of proper names: such as, Pelides or Aeacides for Achilles, Priamides for Hector or a certain son of Priam, Romulides Antonomasia. In another name it signifies 73 things. Antonomasia is said from that, and the name J. who he is, and for the genus all before the name and pronoun hence.

We use this figure in three ways, either for the sake of necessity, or for Emphasis, or for decorum, and it differs from Metonymy, because it is made as if by a proper name, whereas Metonymy occurs in contingent things.