Cosmographia Petri Apiani, per Gemmam Frisium ... iam demum ab omnibus vindicata mendis, ac nonnullis quoque locis aucta ...

An image-desc appears: A large celestial sphere at the top, a smaller terrestrial globe below it, and a larger terrestrial globe to the right showing Africa, Europe, Asia, and America. An eye is depicted below the smaller globe, looking up toward the spheres.

Definition of Geography.

How Geography differs from Cosmography.

For whom Geography is most necessary.

The end of Geography.

WHAT GEOGRAPHY IS:
An image-desc appears: A decorative drop cap G containing floral and foliate motifs.Geography (as Werner says in his paraphrase) is a certain formula and imitation in painting of the earth itself, of its principal and known parts, insofar as the whole and known world of lands is composed from them, and of any notable things which adhere to these parts of the earth. And it differs from Cosmography because it distinguishes the earth through mountains, rivers, and seas, and other more notable things, with no calculation of circles applied. And it is most useful to those who desire to have an exact skill of deeds and fables. For a painting, or an imitation of a painting, brings the order and position of places to the memory most easily. The completion and end of Geography, therefore, consists in the contemplation of the whole world of lands, and in their imitation by those who mold the entire likeness of a head with suitable paintings.