Peri ermēneías

Concept original: νόημα and the affections original: τὰ πάθη.

(which the Greeks call the subject original: ὑποκείμενον) is the enunciation or proposition, whose species and affections original: τὰ πάθη it is necessary to hand down and explain in such a way that nothing at all is omitted of those things which pertain to the most perfect doctrine of enunciating.

1st Part. First, an enunciation must be established. In this way, simple terms will be considered not as "headless," but as parts of an enunciation already composed and established, under the reasons of noun and verb, fittingly for the doctrine of enunciating—that is, dialectically, not grammatically.

2nd Part. Next, since in enunciations that first and most certain axiom of our intellect's light is observed: that of every thing it is true to affirm or deny original: κῇ παντὸς φάναι ἢ ἀποφάναι ἀληθὲς, or affirmation or negation original: κῇ παντὸς φάσις ἢ ἀπόφασις, it would be worthwhile to consider the use of that axiom not only in enunciations of the present and past, but also of the future.

3rd Part. Antitheses original: ἀντιθέσεις and contradictions original: ἀντιφάσεις must also be weighed in those enunciations in which the verb is something else, such as in this: "man is," "man runs." Likewise in those in which the verb "is" is a third element, as in this: "man is just." And in order for the contradiction to be clearer in these, it must be considered how there may be one affirmation and one negation. Since there is one affirmation and one negation when one thing is affirmed or denied of one thing, although that one thing may be expressed by several words, it will be necessary to distinguish that which is expressed by several words: namely, in such a way that some things constitute a unity such that the parts of that one thing are also truly said separately, while others do not constitute a unity in this way, even if the parts are truly predicated separately.