... Positiones, de, rerum divisione, et adquirendo earundem iure gentium dominio

XI.
For the same reason, things abandoned by their owner—but not those lost by accidental chance or thrown overboard for the sake of lightening a ship—become the property of the first occupier.

XII.
Secondly, by the seizure of hostile goods. For whatever we capture from the enemy, that is immediately subjected to our dominion.

XIII.
Thirdly, by discovery, either of common things, such as pebbles and gems, and other things which are found on the shore, which by natural law immediately yield to the finder.

XIV.
Or of those things which do not have a certain owner: such as treasures, which if anyone finds by chance in his own place, or in a sacred or religious place, he makes them entirely his own: but if in another's place or a public place, they are partly his and partly the owner's or the state's.

XV.
Fourthly, by the birth of offspring, which, born from animals subject to our dominion, is acquired for us by the Law of Nations.

XVI.
Fifthly, by alluvion, that is, the exaggeration and accretion of land secretly made by a river: which becomes the property of the one to whose field it is added little by little and bit by bit.

XVII.
For a part of a field detached by the force of a river, and added to another, does not change dominion.

XVIII.
Unless, however, it has adhered to a neighbor's field for a longer time, such that the trees which it has dragged with it have cast roots into that field; for in this case, it is seen to have been acquired by the neighbor's field.

XIX.
Sixthly, by separated alluvion, such as an island, which is born in the sea by the accumulation and circulation of water, becomes the property of the occupier, because it is believed to be in no one's goods.