De anodinis medicamentis eorumque causis et usibus Physica & Medica consideratio in Theses aliquot digesta

it follows: then truly whatever remedies soothe pain, they, without a doubt, first pluck out the perception of the sense as if it were the anchor of the whole.

XI.
Of this kind, some are universal, and some are particular Differences of Anodynes.

remedies. Universal are those called which are suited to all species
of pains; particular are those that are suited to certain ones only.

XII.
Universal [remedies] are again twofold; some are less properly, others On the Simple Faculties, 5, chapter 18.

most properly called anodyna pain-killers. Of the former kind are those
which change the pain by a stupefying quality, to which Galen
also attributes the name of Anodyne, but too generally.

XIII.
For they do not simply remove the pain, but kata ti in a certain way; just as an iron nail
driving out a wooden one does not simply extrude the nail,
for by insinuating itself, it has driven another nail into the
hole. So also, with stupor induced—which we assert to be a
certain kind of pain—not simply and entirely, but an excruciating
pain has vanished.

XIV.
For we say that stupor is a symptom of sense and motion, by which What stupor is.

the affected part feels indeed, but obscurely, and it can also be
moved, but with difficulty.

XV.
I know that Galen defines stupor otherwise: namely, that it is a notable Galen, On Affected Parts, 2, chapter 2, and On the Causes of Symptoms, book 2.

refrigeration of some part, by which bodies so disposed perceive
a difficulty of sense and motion. Elsewhere he calls stupor the
imperfect resolution of the nerves, and yet elsewhere he calls it
anaisthēsia insensibility or indolence. Elsewhere, however,
he says that stupor is an obscure, but yet perceptible sensation.