Apotherapeia iatrikē

V.
The causes are some proēgoumenai antecedent/primary, others truly prokatarktikai procatarctic/exciting.

VI.
The internal cause, according to Galen (12 Method) and Avicenna (16, Tract 3), is intemperance a disharmony of the bodily humors and a solution of continuity a medical term for a break, wound, or rupture in tissue. That former state, however, is either without material according to some, or with material, as we maintain.

VII.
The material, however, is either thicker flatus gas/wind, or humor, or both joined together.

VIII.
Humors, again, are predominantly raw and cold, such as phlegm, and that which is vitreous glass-like, as Praxagoras desired, which is derived into the intestines either from the whole body or from a part. If from a part, then it proceeds and is generated there from the stomach, or it flows down from the head, as Rhasis teaches (8 Continens) according to the opinion of Galen.

IX.
The other internal cause is a solution of continuity, which happens either from flatus distending too much, or from another body molesting by its tension, such as a stone generated in the intestines, which, because it happens more rarely, we have decided to note.

X.
The external and procatarctic causes, however, are enumerated as many: age, the constitution of the body, cold air, wintry and sometimes pestilential air, the northern regions according to Avicenna, leisure, crudity, gluttony, the drinking of either cold and thick waters, or wine cooled with snow and ice. The excessive use of fresh fruits and untimely baths,