Apotherapeia iatrikē

and things similar to these, which can generate raw and cold humors or flatus in the body.

XI.

The differences of the colic pain itself are these, primarily, that one is True (with which we are chiefly concerned), and another is Spurious. The True variety, again, changes either by reason of the Cause or by reason of the Location. By reason of the cause, because one takes its origin from flatus, another from cold, thick, and sluggish humor, and another from some other cause. By reason of the Location, because the cause of the pain resides either in the capacity of the intestine itself or between its tunics. All these must be distinguished by their signs.

XII.

Signs are some distinctive, others diagnostika diagnostic, others prognostika prognostic.

XIII.

Distinctive signs are those which distinguish Colic Pain from Nephritic pain (which two affections are the gravest of all), in which diagnosis it is easy to err, as Galen pronounces (2 Locis Affectis and 6 of the same) that he himself was deceived.

XIV.

These distinctive signs are taken from three sources primarily: from the pain, from things that help or harm, and from the excrements.

XV.

Therefore, first by the pain, these two affections are distinguished; for in the Colic, it is greater, occupying more parts, sometimes above and sometimes below the kidneys, inclining more toward the chest, and it happens suddenly, and is greater when the intestines are full.

XVI.

In Nephritis, however, the pain is always lesser, molesting one part,