De feudis theses LVI

great-great-grandfather, and great-great-great-grandfather.

XIII.
New is called that which was acquired anew and had its beginning in the person of the first invested party.

XIIII.
Thirdly, this first member includes the Regal fief and the Non-regal.

XV.
Regal is that which is granted by an Emperor or a King who acknowledges no superior, in a certain Kingdom, Duchy, Marquisate, or County.

XVI.
Non-regal is called that which is granted by lesser princes, or even by the Prince himself, yet does not concern a dignity.

XVII.
Fourthly, under the first head of this division lie many other names of fiefs fashioned by the doctors: such as the Real fief, which is perpetual and transmissible to heirs; likewise the Straight fief, the Liege fief (although we judge this whole discussion about liege and non-liege fiefs to be false and fictitious), the Noble, the Masculine, and also the Purchased fief.

XVIII.
For although this is commonly taken for an improper fief, we shall show that this is not done correctly.

XIX.
Under the second member are contained the fiefs: Frank, Feminine, Not-straight, of Habitation, of Soldiers, of Guardianship, of the Castaldus a steward or administrator of a castle or estate, of the Chamber or Cavea a type of royal or noble treasury/enclosure, of the Court, of Advocacy, etc.

XX.
Furthermore, the remote efficient cause of fiefs is custom, derived not from the ancient clienteles of the Romans, or mercenary