De sententia, re iudicata, appellationibus, & executione rei iudicatae, Theses L

and the case fully understood, it be delivered with the parties on both sides cited to hear the sentence.
IX.
For a sentence delivered against an absent person (unless he is contumacious willfully disobedient to the court) and not legally cited, is void. The same is true if it is pronounced against a dead person or an undefended minor.
X.
It also pertains to the order of the courts that it be delivered against him with whom the lawsuit was contested, whether he is the master or an agent.
XI.
However, in a criminal case, it seems more true that the sentence ought to be delivered against the master.
XII.
And in these ways, a delivered sentence has such force that, although it can be supplemented by the judge on the same day, it can neither be revoked nor corrected further: which is different in the case of interlocutions, even if an appeal has been made from them.
XIII.
But what if different sentences are delivered by two judges? Here Modestinus seems to disagree with Paulus. However, Pope Gregory reconciles their responses through a distinction.
XIV.
As if they are ordinary judges, the sentence in favor of the defendant is valid: if, however, they are delegated, the sentence depends on the will of the delegator.
XV.
The principal effect of a sentence is that, after ten days, it passes into res judicata a matter already judged/a final judgment, unless an appeal has been made.
XVI.
And the authority of res judicata is such that it cannot be retracted because of instruments,