De dotibus positiones L

with those being excepted, above all, who claim an ignorance of fact that is not negligent.

IX.
Yet, such ignorance is not easily presumed in doubt, unless the union is proven to have been entered into in more remote degrees, and openly.

X.
Just as there is no dowry without marriage, so, on the contrary, it is express law that marriages can be celebrated without a dowry.

XI.
For no one is prohibited by law from marrying an undowered woman, since marriages should be free, lest difficult outcomes follow from coerced ones.

XII.
Furthermore, a dowry is twofold: Profectitia Originating from the father and Aduentitia Originating from other sources.

XIII.
Profectitia is that which has proceeded from the father, from his goods or his deed.

XIIII.
Nor does it matter whether the dowry was given by the father himself or by another managing his business, whether by a son or by a stranger.

XV.
Therefore, Celsus correctly responded against Servius and Labeo that a dowry given by a paternal grandfather to his granddaughter, after the grandfather has died, is Profectitia. For the equity of the matter intervenes, so that what my father gave on my account in the name of my daughter is the same as if I had given it myself.

XVI.
Aduentitia is that which is given either by the woman herself, or by a maternal grandfather, or even by any other stranger.

XVII.
The quantity, however, of either a Profectitia or an Aduentitia dowry,