Propositiones de lithiasi tōn nephrōn

THESES ON LITHIASIS
OF THE KIDNEYS.

I.
Although stones in different regions of the body can be generated, as anatomical autopsy shows, we, however, shall treat in the present discussion of none other than those which are generated in the kidneys, since these are more frequently troublesome.

II.
To which also the general vocabulary nephritis and lithiasis is sometimes accommodated: of which, however, the former covers other affections of things, while the latter also comprises under itself the disposition of stones in different places.

III.
A calculus Latin: "Calculus", a stone, however, regarding which we intend to treat, is a sandy body contained in the kidneys, sometimes quiet, at other times bringing about pain by rubbing, or causing impediments to urination by obstructing it.

IV.
For as often as it wears away the substance of the kidneys, or distends and tears the passages, it causes bloody urination and pain; by obstructing it also hinders urination, which are the diseases that proceed from the stone as if from a cause.

V.
For the generation of the stone, according to the opinion of Galen, On the Faculties of Nourishment, book 3, chapters 17 and 14; Method of Healing, books 4, 13, and 16; furthermore, On Epidemics, book 6, commentary 1, text 6; and commentary 3, text 15 of the same book, three things are chiefly required: the Place in which it may be generated, the Matter from which it may be produced, and the Cause by which it may be effected.

VI.
We establish the affected part or place not only as the cavity of the kidneys, but also their own proper substance, along with the most approved physicians.