Propositiones de lithiasi tōn nephrōn

It is. Hence this vice is often hereditary: nor does it arise, as some think, because of a property of the kidneys which converts the matter into stone through an occult power. Indeed, if it happened from such a property of the kidneys, the entire kidneys would turn into stone very quickly.

XIII.
The natural density or narrowness of the passages through which the attracted juice is carried, and which sends the separated urine to the bladder, suffices. Then also the weakness of the expulsive faculty, from wherever it may have arisen, if suitable matter is present.

XIV.
Stones are not generated from a cold intemperance, because in a living animal there cannot be so much cold that it can compel the juices into stones that are so hard: which the author of the book On Affections of the Kidneys proves by the example of external things.

XV.
Adventitious heat arises sometimes from internal causes, sometimes from external ones.

XVI.
Nephritis kidney inflammation/stone pain is distinguished from colic pain, as Galen testifies in On Affected Parts, book 6, chapter 1, because in nephritis the pain is fixed, remaining in the side, sometimes extending itself into the bladder, the urine being thin in the beginning, or turbid and suppressed: In colic pain the pain is unstable, wandering, urging now to this, now to that part, sometimes raging in a place higher than the kidneys, or around the circumference of the navel. Finally, colic pains are mitigated much more by soothing clysters than are nephritic ones.

XVII.
However, which kidney is affected is known from the position of the pain, which is consistently fixed in one side or the other; and it is stable on the right side, if