Theses de dolore

XLIII.
Regarding the subject, since no mortal can be ill in all parts of the body at once referencing Galen, Locis Affectis 7, nor can anyone suffer pain in all parts of the body, it is possible, however, for pain to exist in diverse parts.

XLIV.
These parts are either those of the trunk, divided into three cavities, or of the extremities. Both are again either external or internal, whence some pains are external and others internal.

XLV.
I call those pains external only if they arise from a manifest solution of continuity a disruption of the body's natural integrity that appears on the surface of the body, whether it arises from an external cause, as in wounds inflicted upon any organ, in contusion, burning, etc. To this we also refer fractures and dislocations of bones, insofar as they cause pain to the eyes by the vellication plucking or twitching sensation, compression, and distension of neighboring parts. (We do not believe that the solution of contiguity a break in connection between adjacent parts can cause pain by itself.)

XLVI.
Whether it arises from an internal cause, which either creates pain manifesting over the entire surface, as in rigor and febrile heat, or only in certain specific parts, as in ulcers properly so-called, whether they are cavernous, or excrescences, or creeping, or coalescing through symphysis natural union/growing together, which four kinds of ulcers Hippocrates the father of medicine described in his work on Medicine.

XLVII.
I call internal pains those which originate from a cause lurking within the body, offering no visible sign to the senses from the outside, whether it produces a solution of continuity of the first or second kind. Pains of this sort are numerous in the supreme cavity or head, fewer in the middle, and very many in the lower cavity due to the parts of most exquisite sensitivity contained within it. In the joints, the chief is arthritis joint pain, which, as a species, includes under itself chiragra gout in the hand, ischiada sciatica, gonagra gout in the knee, and podagra gout in the foot.

XLIX.
The differences in pains taken from their form are likewise various: for according to this, pains are called vehement and sharp, light and obtuse, inflammatory, torpid, pulsative, piercing, heavy, turgid, rending, fixed, ulcerous, loose, and soft.

A cau-