Peri tōn periptōmatōn tēs prōtēs pepseōs disputatio

27. In the mode of excretion, if they are excreted with difficulty and pain.

28. In time, if they irritate toward egestion later or earlier than usual, or at night when one ought to be resting.

29. In place, if they exit not through the anus, but through the mouth, through the stomach, etc.

30. Now the causes of these symptoms must be weighed, which are indeed either damaged natural parts or some external error.

31. Natural parts are destined both for digestion and for the depuration of humors. For just as when they are safe and intact, both in regard to matter and form, the excrements are rendered naturally, both in substance, quantity, quality, etc.; so, when the same parts are affected, the affliction itself is observed in the excrements.

32. These parts are affected either by intemperance, by organic disease, or by a common disease.

33. By intemperance, both simple and compound, with and without matter.

34. Hot. By the hot intemperance of the viscera and intestines, pyretōmata fevers/heats heat them more than is proper; they thicken, dry out, harden, and blacken.

35. Cold. The cold intemperance of the natural parts is followed by crudity, and from this follows the liquidity, abundance, frequency of egestion, and also flatulence of the feces. The cold intemperance of the liver is followed by crude dejections, similar to the washings of freshly slaughtered meat, as in those suffering from liver disease.

36. Moist, whether this occurs in the natural parts primarily or secondarily and by consent, as the remaining parts let down their moisture to the lower belly; hence the stools are liquid, copious, and frequent, colored according to the quality of the humor transmitted: reddish, indeed, either from burned bile or from blood