Peri tōn periptōmatōn tēs prōtēs pepseōs disputatio

45. Natural parts are affected by a common disease, e.g.:
Ulceration of the stomach and intestines causes food to be discharged before complete digestion; it also causes small pieces of flesh or membranes to be mixed into the liquid feces, as in dysentery.

46. Likewise, phlegmons and abscesses of the liver, spleen, and mesentery are often the cause of blood and pus being admixed.

47. A wound of the abdomen and the rectum can be the cause of vicious excretion.

48. External error is committed in the six non-natural things. Thus, for example, in a southerly constitution of the air, bowels are looser; in a northerly one, they are more constricted.

49. Soft and liquid foods render the feces soft and liquid; hard and astringent ones render them hard, which are not excreted without difficulty; foods which by their own nature easily turn into flatulence render them flatulent.

50. Copious food overwhelms the innate heat; since it does not digest correctly, the food is discharged before its time, still crude or flatulent.

51. When few foods are digested by strong heat, a small amount of excrement is left, and egestions are also rarer. Sharp and biting foods stimulate egestion.

52. ōmotychia raw/undigested digestion is a condition of the stomach and intestines if they discharge kernels, peels, or small stones undigested.

53. As for color, excrements are stained by foods consumed, such as blueberries, mulberries, etc., as well as by medications, such as cassia or tamarinds. Likewise, they acquire their stench from things consumed, such as garlic or eggs.

54. Galen, in the 4th book On Acute Diet, chapter 4, teaches that those awake for the most part excrete liquid matter; those sleeping, little.

55. Body motion and rest; vehement motions of the soul, such as perichareia excessive joy or ekplēxis shock/terror, [are causes of] frequent and rapid egestion or