De epilepsia disputatio

XL.
The pathognomonicon pathognomonic sign is a sudden fall, with loss of sense and mind, and convulsion of the motions of the parts of the body; if it pleases, we will also refer impaired respiration here.

XLI.
Since it is not easy in every disease to find one single sign that is pathognomonicon, Galen (whom we imitate not undeservedly in this place) was accustomed in many diseases to accept the concurrence of many signs for a pathognomonic sign.

XLII.
The syndromousa concomitant/associated signs are foam in the mouth, snoring, a cry, a distorted face, emission of semen, involuntary discharge of the bowels, and likewise of urine, with muscles relaxed, gnashing of teeth, and other things of this kind, which, if they are added to Epilepsy, as Rasis said in book 9 to Mansor, signify only a more severe affection.

XLIII.
The distinguishing notes taken from the place of the source of the Epilepsy are to be observed most greatly. Therefore, while the brain is affected by itself and the disease has its source in the head, there is heaviness of the head, dimness or obscuration of the eyes, and the senses grow dull both before and after the paroxysm. No lower part is badly affected; the patient does not feel anything ascending from the lower parts; he does not feel pain in the shoulders or feet; he does not perceive a biting in the stomach, etc.

XLIV.
Furthermore, when the attack suddenly assails a man without any premonition of symptoms, when the paroxysms return frequently and often, and when the paroxysms are severe, it is certain that the source is in the head; for it is likely that an aura raised from elsewhere is mitigated by the encounter with so many benign humors and is, in part, dissolved and dissipated, and does not excite epilepsy suddenly, but gradually.

XLV.
But if the cause of the disease lies in the stomach, there precede the stomach