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Stupanus, Johann Niklaus · 1586

XXII.
But if blood has been excreted, it will only then indicate which part is affected if a distinction is applied based on the position and the path through which it is excreted, along with pain and other things previously mentioned.
XXIII.
From that same form of the excrements, signs are taken for recognizing ailments: just as we say that a bloody stool indicates weakness of the liver, sandy urine indicates a stone, and a crust indicates an ulcer.
XXIV.
Affected parts are known from their propria accidentia proper symptoms. For there are certain peculiar symptoms that accompany certain parts: for instance, in a damaged stomach, a distaste for food or even a craving for unhealthy food follows, and in those with peripneumonia inflammation of the lungs, the cheeks are ruddy.
XXV.
The same symptoms also provide manifest arguments regarding the affections of the parts, what kind they are, and how they occur, because such specific diseases are followed by such specific symptoms. For example, curved nails occur in those suffering from consumption often referring to tuberculosis; a certain peculiar color of the whole body occurs in those with liver and spleen conditions.
XXVI.
POSITION indicates the affected part indeed even absolutely and by itself, but more rarely. For example, a tumor appearing to the touch in the hypochondrium the upper abdominal region signifies that the liver is affected on the right side, not the spleen; and on the left side, the spleen, not the liver.