Theses de iureiurando propter calumniam dando

I.
The word Iusivrandum oath is derived from Ius Law and Iurando Swearing.

II.
Calumny, however, is deduced from the ancient word Caluor to mock or deceive: from which comes calumniari to slander/falsely accuse, which signifies to frustrate and to deceive: from this, those who harassed others with lawsuits through fraud and frustration were called calumniators.

III.
Hence, to swear to calumny note: to take an oath that one is not litigating in bad faith belongs to the accusers: whom it behooved to swear, before they were heard, that they had not come to accuse for the sake of calumny.

IIII.
It can be defined as the religious assurance of litigants, by which each one maintains that he does nothing, or will do nothing, with the intent to slander, but is relying on his opinion and confidence in his own right.

V.
It is divided commonly into judicial, which is performed by litigants in court: and extrajudicial, which is performed in extrajudicial acts.

VI.
The judicial [oath] is again subdivided into general and special.

VII.
The general [oath] is that which is performed from the beginning of the litis contestata the formal joining of an issue in court, and is directed toward all acts of the entire trial.

VIII.
The special [oath] is that which is promised in individual parts of the trial: