Suffragante consensu amplissimi consultissimique ordinis Iuridicae facultatis, in inclyta & celeberrima Basiliensium Academia, pro consequendis in utroque iure Doctoralibus insignijs, Deo Ter Opt. Max. praeside, Subsequentia de privilegiis creditorum Themata

XII.
In a real privilege, it is of great importance to know whether the same thing has been obligated to several people at the same time, or separately at different times.

XIII.
If to several at the same time: either an agreement intervenes, and it is such that the thing is obligated to individuals either for the whole in solidum for the full amount, or in equal shares.

XIV.
In this case, individuals can neither seek nor possess more than a virile equal share.

XV.
In the former case, the condition of all is equal, but in a different way: for if they act against the debtor or outsiders, they use their action for the whole; if they compete, they make shares by the competition; but if a question is moved among them, the condition of the possessor is better.

XVI.
Or nothing has been agreed upon at all: and then they have the pledge obligated according to the quantity of the debt.

XVII.
Now indeed, if the pledge has been contracted separately and at different times, this rule is established: HE WHO IS PRIOR IN TIME, IS POTENT IN LAW.

XVIII.
But in order for the prior to be more potent, two things must concur.