THESIS I.

There is no one who does not know how frequent and how necessary the practice of appealing is, since it corrects the inequity or inexperience of judges.

II.

An appeal is defined as a challenge made from a lower judge to a superior one, so that he may re-examine the case, which had been heard before but, as the appellant intends, unjustly decided, and reform the judgment previously rendered for the better.

III.

Some distinguish different species of appeals; we establish only two: Judicial and Extrajudicial. The former is interposed against a sentence, the latter against acts and extrajudicial decrees.

IV.

And regularly, the right of appeal does not belong to anyone other than the person who has been condemned or who has acted in the trial. For the legal expert original: "IC." for "Iuris Consultus" says: in another's case, it is not permitted for one who has not experienced the trial to appeal.

V.

Clearly, if those who have an interest, or those to whom it has been mandated, or those who conduct another's business, which is soon ratified, have appealed, they are generally accustomed to being heard.

VI.

But also a father or mother in the case of a son, and conversely a son in the case of a father, as well as a master in the case of a servant, are not prohibited from using the aid of an appeal.

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