CLAUDIUS GALENUS

we have taught in the books to Glauco. Furthermore, the ends of these arts sometimes have a single series of those things into which they are resolved: for example, the knowledge of truth is the end of logical contemplation; which it is necessary to resolve thus: Since truth is produced by demonstration, it cannot be had without demonstration. But one will not know demonstration, since it is a syllogism, unless the syllogism is simply known. Moreover, since the syllogism consists of propositions, you will not know it before the knowledge of these. Again, since propositions are not learned without simple terms, the force and power of simple terms must be learned beforehand. Therefore, the end of logical commentary, that is, the knowledge of truth, is first resolved into demonstration; then demonstration into syllogism; this into propositions; and these into simple terms. Nor does it proceed beyond what constitutes the logical doctrine through the resolution of its end. For nothing remains into which its end can be resolved. Sometimes, however, an established end is resolved through several and diverse orders: which we shall show for the exercise of students by example. Let peace, therefore, be the established end: it is to be sought either by victory or by friendship: victory, by war; war, by the supplies of soldiers; soldiers, by money; money, however, is either already at hand, or