Rasārṇavakalpa

CLAVDII GALENI
catchword: aliun

...the books to Glaucon, as we have taught. Furthermore, the ends of these arts sometimes have a single sequence of things into which they are resolved: for example, the knowledge of truth is the end of logical contemplation; which one ought to resolve thus: Since the truth is produced by demonstration, it cannot be had without demonstration. But demonstration, because it is a syllogism, you will not know unless the syllogism is simply known. Moreover, you will not know a syllogism, as it is composed of propositions, before the knowledge of these. Again, since propositions are not discussed without simple terms, just as those which are composed from them, the power and capacity of the simple terms must be learned beforehand. Therefore, the end of logical contemplation, that is, the knowledge of truth, is first resolved into demonstration; afterwards, demonstration into syllogism; this into propositions; and these into simple terms. And it does not progress further beyond what constitutes logical doctrine through the resolution of its end. For nothing remains into which its end could be resolved.

Sometimes, however, an established end is resolved through several and diverse orders: which we shall make clear by an example for the exercise of students. Let peace, therefore, be the established end; either victory or friendship must be sought for it: victory, through war; war, through the forces of soldiers; soldiers, through money; but money is either already at hand, or from another