نزهة المشتاق في اختراق الآفاق (Book of Roger — Geography with 70 Maps)

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in the West. It passes first through China, then India, then Sindh, then Yemen along its south, and ends at the Gate of Tears original: "Bab al-Mandab". There is the extent of its length, and its length based on these distances, according to what was related by trustworthy travelers and sailors who navigate it, and those who set sail from country to country, is four thousand five hundred farsakhs leagues from al-Qulzum to al-Waqwaq. It contains about three hundred islands, both inhabited and desolate. We will mention hereafter what has reached us of knowledge regarding them and what the reports have confirmed. Branching off from this Chinese Sea is the Green Gulf, which is the Sea of Persia and al-Ubulla. Its course is from South to North, tilting slightly to the West, passing by the west of the lands of Sindh, Makran, Kirman, and Persia until it ends at al-Ubulla, where Abadan is. There, its end is reached; then its coastline turns back toward the South, passing by the lands of Bahrain and the land of al-Yamamah, connecting to Oman and the land of al-Shajar in the lands of Yemen, where its connection to the Chinese Sea lies. The length of this sea is four hundred and forty farsakhs, and it contains the mountains of Uwayr and Kusayr. Its depth is seventy to eighty ba' fathoms. It contains nine islands, both inhabited and desolate, which we will mention hereafter, with the help of God Almighty.

Branching also from this Chinese Sea is the Sea of al-Qulzum. Its beginning is from the Gate of Tears, where the Indian Sea ends. It passes in a northerly direction, tilting slightly to the West, connecting to the west of Yemen, passing the lands of Tihama and the Hijaz to Madyan, Aila, and Faran, until it ends at the city of al-Qulzum, to which it is attributed. Then its coastline turns back toward the South, passing the east of the lands of Upper Egypt to the King's Creek, then coming to Aydhab.