نزهة المشتاق في اختراق الآفاق (Book of Roger — Geography with 70 Maps)

Ornate double-line border with floral/geometric corner pieces and central motifs at top and bottom, enclosing the Arabic text.

1 Abu Bakr
2 Umar
3 Uthman
4 Ali
5 Hasan
6 Husayn
Abbasid Caliphs (14 to 35)
Fatimids

Sand of Dahhas: arena & pulvis sand and dust finer, arena & pulvori similior quam arena more similar to sand and dust than sand, sandy dust.
Qatran: regio, ambitus region, circumference; prolixitas, prolixae lengthiness, extensive.
Far Maghrib: Mauritania Tingitana; Occidens remotissimus most remote west.
Dhurriya: proles, familia offspring, family.
Qasr: aula, palatium hall, palace.
Awthaq: firmat, confirmavit strengthened, confirmed.
Bunyan: structura, aedificatio structure, building.
Nuqushat: caelaturae, picturae engravings, paintings.
Tibr: aurum rude raw/nugget gold.
Tibha: bonitas sua its goodness.
Gharas: plantatio plantation.

Suqmara ۞, Abara ۞, Gharbil ۞, and Samghada ۞. From the city of Malal to the great city of Ghana is about twelve stages in the sands of Dahhas. Ghana consists of two cities on the banks of the fresh water the Niger River, and it is the largest of the lands of the Sudan in circumference, the most populous, and the most extensive in trade. Wealthy merchants from all the surrounding lands and from all the lands of the Far Maghrib travel to it. Its people are Muslims, and its king, as it is described, is of the descendants of Salih ibn Abdullah ibn al-Hasan ibn al-Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib. He delivers the sermon for himself, but he is under the obedience of the Abbasid Prince of the Believers. He has a palace on the bank of the Nile that he has strengthened in its structure, perfected its construction, and decorated its dwellings with kinds of engravings, paintings, and glass windows. The building of this palace was in the year 510 of the Hijra c. 1116 CE. His kingdom and land connect to the land of Wanaqara, which is the land of gold dust, described and noted for its abundance and goodness. What the people of the Far Maghrib know with certain knowledge, about which there is no disagreement, is that he has in his palace a gold brick weighing thirty pounds of raw gold tibr nugget gold. God created it as a complete creation, without it being smelted in fire or hammered with a tool. A hole was made in it, a tether for the king's horse. It is among the strange things that no one else possesses, nor has it been proven for anyone except him, and he boasts of it over all the other kings of the Sudan. He is the most just of people, according to what is told of him. Among his practices in his closeness to the people and his justice toward them is that he has a number of commanders who ride to his palace every morning. Each commander of them has a drum that is struck over his head, and when he reaches the door of the palace, it falls silent. When they gather...

Ghana
Ghane
Adfal. From the year 521
Hijra 510
Anno 1116
Prince in 15 Hijra... 24 July 622
Maghrib

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