نزهة المشتاق في اختراق الآفاق (Book of Roger — Geography with 70 Maps)

A decorative woodcut border surrounds the text. A geographic diagram of the Nile's sources is positioned outside the border at the bottom left.

Small floral ornament centered above the main text block.

Two decorative foliate ornaments positioned on the left and right sides of the main border.

origin and division of the Nile

The aforementioned bases are: Kusha, Ghalwa, Dongola, Yilaq, and Sula. In the land of Abyssinia are Markata and Anjagha. From the land of the Inner Oases and the upper regions of Egypt are the city of Aswan, Anqu, and Al-Rudayni. In this sea is the separation of the two Niles, meaning the Nile of Egypt, which splits our land and flows from the south to the north. Most of the cities of Egypt are on its banks together, and also on its islands. The second section of the Nile passes from the direction of the east to the far west. On this section of the Nile are all the lands of the Sudan and the majority of them. The source of these two sections is from the Mountains of the Moon Mountain of the Moon, which is sixteen degrees above the equator. This Nile originates from this mountain from ten springs. As for five of the rivers, they flow and gather into a large swamp or marsh/lake. The other rivers also descend from the mountain to another large swamp. From each of these two swamps, three rivers emerge, and they all flow until they pour into a very large swamp. On this swamp is a city Tumi called Tumi, and it is a flourishing city where rice is grown. On the bank of the aforementioned swamp is an idol raising its hands to its chest; it is said that he was transformed metamorphosed and that he was a tyrannical man, so this was done to him. In this lake are fish that resemble the heads of birds, and they have beaks. There are also terrifying beasts in it. This aforementioned lake is above the equator, touching it. Below this lake, where the rivers gather, is a cross-mountain that splits most of the swamp and passes from it toward the north and west. One branch of the Nile emerges with it, passing toward the west; this is the Nile of the lands of the Sudan, upon which are most of its lands. The second branch emerges with the eastern cleft of the mountain, and it passes...

Small architectural vignette or building ornament centered below the main text border.

A geographic diagram at the bottom left illustrates the sources of the Nile. It shows water flowing from a mountain range (labeled Mountains of the Moon in the text) into a large lake. Two major branches emerge from the lake system, with one labeled "Nile of the Sudan" and the central lake body labeled "The Lake." The drawing uses a schematic, wavy line style for the water.