BOOK I OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN BODY.

FIGURES OF THE THIRD CHAPTER, AND THE

of identifying marks.

A The right thigh bone femur, whose growth plates appendices; what we now call epiphyses we have moved from their place and separated from the rest of the bone by a gap.
B The right thigh bone with its growth plates still attached in their proper places.
C The lower jaw mandible, along with the lower row of teeth.
HIP BONE

D Here the bone joined to the right side of the "sacred bone" os sacrum; the large triangular bone at the base of the spine is shown from its outer side.
1. 2. 3. 4.

E. F. G. Under the bone just mentioned and the lower jaw, the bones of the right foot are seen in such a way that the four bones of the ankle tarsus, marked with the numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4, along with the bone resembling a boat the navicular bone; original: "osse cymbæ non absimili" marked with E, the ankle bone talus marked with F, and the heel bone calcaneus marked with G, are moved away from the five bones of the mid-foot metatarsals marked I, II, III, IIII, V, and the bones of the toes phalanges shown as H and H, so far
III, etc. removed that the places where the mid-foot bones join the ankle bones can be seen. In this way, the shallow pits sinus on the surface
H H. and the slightly protruding heads are conveniently demonstrated.
I Beneath the foot lies the arm bone humerus, showing its front side.
K A portion of the shoulder blade scapula, depicted from the back, to show its ridge the spine of the scapula with its growth plate marked by lines and formed of various parts. The remaining marks serve to show the parts of the bones in this manner.
L & c. The four Ls placed on the thigh bone marked A indicate the four growth plates of the thigh.
M & c. The four Ms placed on the thigh bone marked B also point out the four growth plates, whose boundaries are marked by the lines that separate them from the rest of the thigh bone.
N, N The upper N on the bone joined to the side of the sacred bone marks the growth plate of the flank bone ilium; the lower N marks the growth plate of the hip bone ischium; original: "ossis coxendicis".
O & c. Several Os are placed on the bones of the mid-foot, and then on the first and second bones of the big toe, and the first and second bones of the middle toe, indicating several growth plates in these bones.
P The growth plate of the arm bone.
Q The growth plate of the ridge of the shoulder blade.
R The lines that pass between the various parts of the growth plate of the shoulder blade's ridge.
S, S On each thigh bone we have written two Ss, marking the processes bony protrusions of the thigh.
T The pointed process of the lower jaw.
U, U Two processes on the bone joined to the side of the sacred bone.
X The process of the upper growth plate of the mid-foot bone located before the pinky toe.
Y, Y Two processes, or the bump tuber on the lower part of the arm bone where it joins the bones of the forearm.
a, a, a On each thigh bone, 'a' is placed three times, showing the three heads of the thigh.
b The right head condyle of the lower jaw.
c The head of the ankle bone entering the hollow of the boat-shaped bone.
d The head of the ankle bone entering the hollow of the shin bone tibia, which is also marked F.
e, e, e, e The letter 'e' appears several times in the figure of the foot, marking the heads of the bones of the mid-foot and toes.
f The upper head of the arm bone, which joins with the shoulder blade.
g, g The two lower heads of the arm bone, or rather the seats where the ulna and radius join.
h, h On each thigh bone, 'h' is placed once, indicating the neck cervix of the head that is inserted into the hip bone.
i The neck in the lower jaw.
k The neck in the ankle bone.
l, l The necks of the mid-foot bones.
m The neck of the arm bone.
n The socket acetabulum; literally "vinegar cup" in the hip bone, into which the thigh bone is fitted.
o The socket in the arm bone, receiving the front process of the ulna.
p, p, p Shallow pits carved into the surface, seen in the bones of the ankle.
q, q The small, barely protruding bumps tubercula of the mid-foot bones.
r, r The "eyebrows" supercilia; the ridges or rims on the hip bone, visible at the upper part of the socket. If you wish to see these parts of the bones in cartilage as well, almost all of them can be seen in the illustrations of cartilages placed before the thirty-eighth Chapter.

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