SERIES AND ORDER

Problem 15. To describe the proportions of the diameters of all the Planets to the Sun, and from these finally the lengths of their shadows. 662

Rule 1. The size of the diameter of the Sun and the Earth, and its shadow. ibid. original: "Canon"; here referring to a mathematical rule or standard calculation.

2. To investigate the distance of Mercury from the center of the earth, its size, and its shadow. 663

3. To find the distance of Venus from the earth and the Sun, its shadow and size, and other proportions through shadow and light. ibid.

4. To investigate the shadow and size of Mars. 665

5. To investigate the shadow and size of Jupiter by means of Jupiter's own shadow. ibid.

6. To investigate the shadow, size, and distance from the earth of Saturn. 667

BOOK TEN.

The Magic of Light and Shadow.

Preface. On Magic, and the purpose of this Book. 673

PART ONE

Horographic Magic, or concerning miraculous timepieces. Horographic: From the Greek 'hora' (hour) and 'graphein' (to write/draw); the art of designing timekeeping instruments like sundials.

CHAPTER I. On secret horography, to be established by a ray that is partly direct, reflected, or refracted. 675

Problem 1. Preparatory. To describe a time-telling egg. ibid. original: "Ovum horodicticum"; likely a sundial projected onto or contained within an egg-shaped vessel.

2. To describe a time-telling shadow in the shape of Death. 676 Kircher often incorporated 'memento mori' themes—reminders of mortality—into his inventions, such as a skeleton whose scythe points to the hour.

3. To describe time-telling figures of the seven Planets. 678

4. A reflective clock, constructed with secret skill. Anacamptic: From the Greek for 'bending back,' referring to the science of reflected light or catoptrics. ibid.

5. To construct a reflective statue, which demonstrates the entire doctrine of the first mover original: "primi mobilis"; in the geocentric model, this was the outermost sphere of the heavens that moved all others. with its ring in the dark. 680

6. A reflective clock without a style the 'style' or gnomon is the part of a sundial that casts the shadow or shadow, in the form of an Imperial globe. ibid.

7. A fantastical clock. 681

8. A clock described in the middle of a crystal. 682

9. Another wind-observing clock. Anemoscope: An instrument used to show the direction of the wind, here integrated with a clock. 684

CAP. II. On miraculous refractive shadow-measuring devices. Anaclastic: Relating to the refraction of light as it passes through different mediums, like water or glass. ibid.

7. To investigate the distances of the fixed stars from the earth by means of shadow. ibid.

8. To investigate the heights and sizes of Comets from the earth. 668

An Uranometric Table displaying the proportions of the heavenly bodies to one another. Uranometric: From 'ouranos' (heaven) and 'metria' (measurement); the mapping and measurement of the celestial spheres. 669

A Sciatheric-Cosmometric Instrument. Sciatheric: Using shadows to measure time or space. ibid.

The Machine. 1. Given the proportion of the Sun and the remaining planets, together with their distances, to mechanically determine the length of their shadows. ibid.

2. To adapt the bodies of the planets to the bodies of the Sun and the Earth, according to the proportions shown in the table. 670

3. To construct a Cosmometric Sphere. ibid.

10. To display a refractive clock in a glass sphere according to the model of nature. 685

11. A time-telling statue under water. ibid.

12. A Siren with a mirror demonstrating the hours under water by reflection and refraction. ibid.

13. A marvelous "confused-ordered" horoscope. original: "confuso-ordinatum"; this refers to anamorphosis, where an image looks chaotic (confused) until viewed from a specific angle or through a special lens, where it becomes clear (ordered). 687

CHAPTER III. On Catoptric clocks. Catoptric: The branch of optics dealing with mirrors and reflection. ibid.

14. To magically display a clock in a mirror. ibid.

15. Another most secret and impenetrable method. 688

16. Another Catoptric clock. ibid.

17. Aeolus the Greek god of the winds atop a shadow-measuring column, serving as both a timekeeper and a wind-observer. 689

CHAPTER IV. On Helio-caustic clocks. Helio-caustic: Clocks that use lenses to focus sunlight to a "burning" point, sometimes used to trigger an audio signal or burn the time into a surface. ibid.

18. To construct a helio-caustic or solar-traveler's clock. 690

CHAPTER V. On Magnetic Clocks. 691

19. To demonstrate the entire doctrine of the first mover with a single magnetic needle. ibid.

20. To perform the same on a vertical plane. 692

21. A magnetic machine for the governance of the seven Planets. 693