On the Figures.

Four figures.

Concerning the first figure / which is circular.

There are four figures: as shown on the present page. ¶ The first figure is designated by the letter A: and it is circular, divided into nine chambers In Llull's diagrams, "chambers" refers to the segments or compartments within the circular figure.. In the first chamber, indeed, stands B: in the second, C: and so on for the others. It is called "circular" because the subject is changed into the predicate and vice versa: as when it is said: "great goodness / good greatness" or "eternal greatness / great eternity." Concerning God: "God is good," and so on for the others in their own way.

What the circulation of the first figure is useful for.

¶ Through such circulation, the practitioner artista: a student or master of the Lullian "Art" will be able to recognize those things which are convertible In logic, two terms are "convertible" if they can be swapped without changing the truth of the statement (e.g., in Llull's system, "God" and "Goodness" are interchangeable). and those which are not: just as "God is good" and similar statements can be converted. However, "God" and "angel" are not convertible; nor are "goodness" and "angel"; nor are "his goodness" and "his greatness"; and so it goes for other terms. ¶ In this figure, all things are included, such as when it is said: "God is good, great, eternal," and so on for the rest. "An angel is good, great, durable," and so on. "Avarice is not good, but evil," and so on in its own way. ¶ In this figure, the proper and appropriated attributes passiones: properties or characteristics of a subject existing between the subject and the predicate are recognized. "Properly," proper attribute such as when God is good, great, and similar. And an angel, who has innate goodness, greatness, and the like. "Appropriately," appropriated attribute such as an evil angel, who has appropriated malice; and this is meant in a moral sense. And so it is with fire: which has a "good" and "great" dryness by means of the earth. And a human, morally: having "good" and "great" prudence, justice, and so forth for the rest. ¶ Indeed, the practitioner note: the practitioner must be skilled of this art must become accustomed to and visualize this figure, and apply it to the proposition at hand, according to what we have said about it, so that the intellect may be able to attain truths through it: and this truly and realistically.
¶ Here ends the explanation of the first figure.

b. goodness.

b. is the being by reason of which...

...that this principle or substance is proven by this form.
B is the root of the elemental tree Llull often used the "Tree of Science" (Arbor Scientiae) as a metaphor for the branching structure of knowledge. insofar as
the tree exists through b, being, and reasons. Goodness is full in its other parts insofar as it is great through "greatness" and enduring through d. Namely, Goodness is the root of the tree with the enlargement that we mentioned above, through which the reasoning is completed by which a tree may be good and act well; whence, since goodness is full in itself and through another, that it may be a substantial root, because it would not be unless it were more present with a mediating substance ...things? substantiality, a good tree, and by such substantial deprivation ...trees...? of its own trees ...not...? may not draw out suffering ...empty...? B acts as b insofar as it produces privative and natural things, namely branches, boughs, and its other parts ...in...? in deprivation, the preservation of operations among evils.
And its operations are primary ...mediating...? all things ...the...? things composed of elements are derived from it and from its essence ...itself...?

goodness. b. is. b. the universal principle...

B is the universal principle ...which...? ...which...? which are b in the tree.

greatness. c. finite thing. ...?

Greatness. C. ...is...? through b and the same as ...the same...? c makes ...and...? and it is the same ...with...? ...nothingness...?

Goodness, insofar as it is deprived ...? is an accidental substance ...? which are likenesses, which it takes from other parts...

by the parts of the tree ...takes...? in ...nature...? takes a likeness, namely that it may be a good b through itself,
through the goodness generating in itself and full of itself ...suffering...? more in ...itself...? it has concrete natural parts The handwritten note refers to Llull's specific grammatical theory where "Bonitas" is analyzed into three parts: the "Bonificative" (that which makes good), the "Bonifiable" (that which can be made good), and "Bonifying" (the act of making good). which are its own things, hope, and comparison: namely, the Bonificative, the Bonifiable, and the act of Bonifying.