BOOK OF THE DORIC ORDER. Chapter XV.

The Doric order took its beginning and its name from the Doric people of Greece, who inhabited Asia. If the columns are made simple without pilasters, they must be seven and a half or eight heads long. The spacing between columns is a little less than three column diameters, and this manner of colonnades is called wide-spaced original: "Diaſtilos"; a Greek term used by Vitruvius to describe columns spaced three diameters apart. by Vitruvius. But if they are attached to pilasters, they shall be made with a base and capital seventeen and one-third modules long; and it is to be noted that (as I said above in chapter XIII) the module in this order alone is half the column diameter divided into thirty minutes, whereas in all other orders, it is the entire diameter divided into sixty minutes.

Among the Ancients, one does not see a pedestal original: "Piedeſtilo" used in this order, but they are indeed seen among the moderns. However, if one wishes to include it, the die original: "Dado"; the square block forming the middle part of a pedestal. shall be made square, and from it, the measure of its ornaments shall be taken; for it shall be divided into four equal parts, and the base with its plinth original: "zocco" shall take two of those; and the cymatium original: "Cimacia"; the crowning molding of a pedestal. shall take one, to which the edge of the column's base must be attached. Pedestals of this sort are also seen in the Corinthian order, as in Verona at the Arch called "of the Lions" The Porta Leoni, a Roman gate in Verona.. I have provided several types of profiles original: "ſacome"; the contours or outlines of moldings. that can be adapted to the pedestal of this order, all of which are beautiful, derived from the Ancients, and have been measured most diligently. This order does not have its own proper base; thus, in many buildings, the columns are seen without bases, as in Rome at the Theater of Marcellus, in the Temple of Piety near the said Theater, in the Theater of Vicenza, and in various other places. But sometimes the Attic base is placed there, which greatly increases its beauty, and its measurement is as follows: The height is half the column diameter and is divided into three equal parts. One part is given to the plinth or block; the other two are divided into four parts, and one of these forms the upper torus original: "baſtone"; a large, convex molding.; the remaining parts are divided in two, and one is given to the lower torus, while the other goes to the scotia original: "Cauetto"; a concave molding between two tori. with its fillets. This section will be divided into six parts: one for the upper fillet, another for the lower, and four will remain for the scotia itself. The projection is one-sixth of the column diameter. The cincture original: "Cimbia"; the small ring at the top of a base or bottom of a shaft. is half the height of the upper torus, and if it is made separate from the base, its projection is one-third of the total projection of the base. But if the base and part of the column are made of one piece, the cincture shall be made thin, as seen in the third drawing of this order, where there are also two types of imposts original: "impoſte"; the molding or block from which an arch springs. for the arches.

A, Shaft of the column.
B, Cincture.
C, Upper torus.
D, Scotia with fillets.
E, Lower torus.
F, Plinth, or block.
G, Cymatium. }
H, Die. } of the Pedestal.
I, Base. }
K, Imposts of the arches.