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Step into the laboratory of the Victorian era's greatest minds as they redefine the physical world, from the churning interior of our planet to the invisible dance of molecules in a vacuum. This landmark volume of the Philosophical Transactions features foundational work by luminaries like James Clerk Maxwell, William Crookes, and Lord Kelvin, tackling the mystery of whether the Earth is truly solid or hiddenly fluid. Readers will witness the birth of modern geophysics and the discovery of the 'ultra-gaseous' state of matter that paved the way for modern electronics.