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Episode 124·September 8, 2021·neoplatonism

Charles M. Stang on the Divine Double in Late Antiquity

This episode brings together a number of strands of late antique religion and philosophy we have been discussing in the podcast – notably Plotinus, Mani, and the Hermetica – along with the Gospel of Thomas, an early Christian text known from Nag Hammadi which we discuss here for the first time.

Listen on SHWEP36 sources in collection · 36 translated

Primary Sources

Illuminated Syriac Bible

Anonymous · 575 · Syriac · 518 pages
Fully translated

The Four Gospels

Anonymous · 800 · Syriac · 266 pages

The text transforms the Gospel accounts into a structured path for spiritual development. It presents the Incarnation not just as history, but as a living reality that demands total commitment from the believer. The anonymous author insists that true knowledge requires a reciprocal relationship wher

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The New Testament

Anonymous · 894 · Syriac · 522 pages
Fully translated

Greek Old Testament

Anonymous · 975 · Greek · 523 pages

About the author (Anonymous): Anonymous may refer to:Anonymity, the state of an individual's identity, or personally identifiable information, being publicly unknown Anonymous work, a work of art or literature that has an unnamed or unknown creator or author Anonymity, a property of a voting rule, s

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New Testament

Various · 1100 · Armenian · 329 pages

This rendition of the New Testament offers more than just sacred scripture; it is a historical journey through a rare Greek-Armenian manuscript that captures the intellectual and spiritual fervor of 12th-century Cilicia. Readers will encounter the foundational texts of Acts, the Epistles, and Revela

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Hebrew Bible

Anonymous · 1150 · Hebrew · 580 pages

The Hebrew Bible presents a brutal and honest account of humanity attempting to live under the shadow of a demanding deity. It moves from the origins of the cosmos to the intricate rules of social and ritual life. Readers encounter heroes who are deeply flawed and a God whose actions are often as te

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Armenian Psalter

Various · 1200 · Armenian · 75 pages

This manuscript offers a unique window into the medieval Armenian spiritual imagination, weaving together the canonical beauty of the Psalter with vivid historical and apocalyptic narratives. Readers will encounter a powerful tension between the majestic sovereignty of God and the visceral reality o

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Biblia Sacra (Gutenberg Bible)

Johannes Gutenberg · 1455 · Latin · 192 pages

This text preserves the Vulgate translation, serving as a monument to the collision between human fallibility and divine authority. Jerome asserts that understanding scripture requires disciplined study rather than casual opinion. You will encounter the foundational narratives of the world, from the

13% translated

The Bible: Epistle to the Romans

Unknown · 1512 · Latin · 644 pages
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Complutensian Polyglot Bible

Cardinal Cisneros (patron) · 1517 · Latin · 3043 pages

This work stands as a defiant reclamation of the original biblical languages. Cardinal Cisneros argues that relying on secondary translations obscures the divine truth contained in the source texts. By arranging Hebrew, Greek, and Latin in parallel columns, he provides a tool for scholars to bypass

Fully translated

The Newe Testament (Tyndale, 1526)

William Tyndale · 1526 · English · 288 pages

William Tyndale’s 1526 New Testament is a landmark of both faith and linguistics, representing the first English translation from the original Greek. Bypassing the religious establishment of his day, Tyndale offers a perspective centered on personal repentance and the 'law of love' rather than rigid

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Biblia: Luther Bible (1535)

Martin Luther · 1535 · German · 1377 pages

This 1535 edition of the Biblia represents a seminal moment in Christian history, capturing the work of Martin Luther at the height of his theological influence. As the primary figure of the Protestant Reformation, Luther’s unique perspective as a scholar and former friar transformed the Bible from

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The Illustrated History of the New Testament

Unknown · 1557 · Latin-German · 172 pages

The Illustrated History of the New Testament serves as both a devotional guide and a primary source for Renaissance-era iconography. It strips away modern interpretation to present the life of Christ through the specific lens of 16th-century Frankfurt publishers. Readers encounter a narrative that p

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The Bible

Unknown · 1564 · Dutch · 920 pages
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The Nevv Testament of Iesus Christ (Douay-Rheims, 1582)

Gregory Martin (trans.) · 1582 · Greek · 812 pages
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The Holy Bible: Authorized Version 1611 (Facsimile)

King James / A.W. Pollard (ed.) · 1611 · English · 1660 pages

This volume moves past the legend to show the 1611 Bible as a product of intense human conflict and state control. It documents how translators risked their lives while competing factions struggled to dictate the precise wording of scripture to serve their own religious agendas. Readers will see tha

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Syriac Gospel Lectionary

Anonymous · 1650 · Syriac · 328 pages

This text offers a radical synthesis of Syriac Christian liturgy and deep Jewish intellectual history, presenting a world where spiritual perfection requires both a rigorous ethical code and a mystical understanding of the cosmos. By interweaving Maimonidean rationalism with the visionary experience

Fully translated

Erasmus: New Testament with Greek Text and Annotations

Desiderius Erasmus · 1705 · Latin · 666 pages

A text by Desiderius Erasmus. About the author (Desiderius Erasmus): Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus, commonly known in English as Erasmus of Rotterdam or simply Erasmus, was a Dutch humanist, Christian theologian, and pioneering p...

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Bible, or the Contents of the Old and New Testaments

Unknown · 1719 · Dutch · 177 pages

This 17th-century devotional serves as both a luxury object of 'miniature book craftsmanship' and a rigorous theological manual for the steadfast believer. Writing from the heart of The Hague, the author synthesizes centuries of Christian doctrine into a portable treasure, defending the Trinity and

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The Holy Bible

Unknown · 1726 · German · 954 pages
Fully translated

The New Testament

Unknown · 1753 · German · 1162 pages
Fully translated

Biblia Sacra Vulgatae: Clementine Vulgate Latin Bible

Jerome (Sixtine-Clementine edition) · 1804 · Latin · 1019 pages

This 1804 Venice edition of the Biblia Sacra Vulgatae stands as a monument to ecclesiastical history and structural precision. Authorized by the successive mandates of Popes Sixtus V and Clement VIII, this version represents the definitive Sixtine-Clementine standard that shaped Catholic liturgy for

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Armenian Bible, New Testament (Zohrab)

Hovhannes Zohrab (ed.) · 1805 · Armenian · 1607 pages

This volume stands as a monument to the Armenian translation tradition, blending ancient linguistic heritage with the editorial care of Hovhannes Zohrab. Zohrab does not merely present a text; he investigates the differences between manuscripts to provide an accurate, corrected reading. He argues th

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The Holy Bible

Yovhannēs Zōhrapean (ed.) · 1805 · Armenian · 888 pages

Yovhannēs Zōhrapean produced this edition to rescue the Armenian Bible from the corruptions of inconsistent translation history. He employs a strict methodology of manuscript collation to recover the original Septuagint-based heritage. The text functions as both a sacred anthology and a precise scho

Fully translated

The Holy Bible (Wycliffe), Vol. 1

John Wycliffe / Forshall & Madden (eds.) · 1850 · Hebrew-Greek · 770 pages

This edition documents the volatile birth of English biblical translation and the bold reformers behind it. It challenges the historical narrative of the Wycliffite movement by clearly distinguishing between the early and later versions of the text. By analyzing manuscript history and editorial meth

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The Holy Bible (Wycliffe), Vol. 2

John Wycliffe / Forshall & Madden (eds.) · 1850 · Hebrew-Greek · 908 pages

Wycliffe's translation offers a raw and direct look at the power dynamics between heaven and earth. It does not soften the brutal realities of ancient rule or the intense weight of divine judgment. The text presents history as a series of moral choices where obedience to the unseen God outweighs pol

Fully translated

The Holy Bible (Wycliffe), Vol. 3

John Wycliffe / Forshall & Madden (eds.) · 1850 · English · 916 pages

John Wycliffe and his followers created this translation to put the uncompromising clarity of scripture directly into the hands of the people. The text strips away human pride to focus on the cold reality of divine judgment and the necessity of personal discipline. It argues that physical beauty and

56% translated

The Holy Bible (Wycliffe), Vol. 4

John Wycliffe / Forshall & Madden (eds.) · 1850 · English · 786 pages

John Wycliffe's translation challenges readers to look past religious tradition to find the core authority of Jesus Christ. The text forces a choice between worldly status and the kingdom of heaven, emphasizing faith over legalism. It presents a world where the heart's true state matters more than o

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Al-Kitab al-Muqaddas: Arabic Bible

Eli Smith & Cornelius Van Dyck · 1865 · Arabic · 1714 pages

The authors present the Bible in a clear, accessible Arabic that maintains the weight of its original theological claims. By pairing the books of the Bible with a structured index of Quranic Surahs, the work highlights the points of contact between these two great traditions. Readers will encounter

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Greek New Testament

Tischendorf, Constantin von · 1869 · Greek · 1002 pages

Constantin von Tischendorf’s critical edition of the Greek New Testament is a monumental pillar of biblical scholarship, offering a text meticulously scrubbed of centuries of scribal drift. Moving beyond the traditional 'Received Text,' Tischendorf utilizes his groundbreaking discovery of Codex Sina

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Greek New Testament (Novum Testamentum Graece)

Constantin von Tischendorf · 1877 · Greek · 479 pages

This edition represents the culmination of Tischendorf's life work in biblical textual criticism. He argues that the standard biblical texts of his time were based on relatively recent and flawed manuscripts. By prioritizing the oldest uncial codices, including his own discovery of Codex Sinaiticus,

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Coptic New Testament

George William Horner (ed.) · 1898 · Coptic · 644 pages

This work is a rigorous attempt to preserve the exact syntax of the Coptic New Testament while rendering it into English. Horner rejects stylistic flow in favor of a token-based system that maps English words directly to their Coptic counterparts. The text moves beyond mere translation by documentin

Fully translated

Hexaglot Bible: Hebrew, Septuagint, Vulgate, Syriac, English, German, French

Various · 1901 · Multiple (Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Syriac, Arabic, Ethiopic) · 710 pages

Experience the Bible like never before through a monumental six-language parallel edition that bridges ancient manuscripts and modern translations. Discover the intricate genealogy of Jesus Christ by comparing the Hebrew, Septuagint, Vulgate, and Syriac texts side-by-side with modern European master

Fully translated

New Testament in Syriac (Peshitta)

British and Foreign Bible Society · 1905 · Syriac · 372 pages

The New Testament in Syriac (Peshitta) is more than a translation; it is a scholarly monument and a spiritual treasure of the Early Church. Published by the British and Foreign Bible Society, this text presents the revised scholarship of G.H. Gwilliam alongside unique Syriac 'Discourses' and 'Tablet

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Coptic New Testament, Sahidic Dialect (Vol. 3)

George William Horner (ed.) · 1908 · Coptic · 436 pages

The 'Coptic New Testament, Sahidic Dialect (Vol. 3)' is a rigorous academic achievement that provides a window into the 2nd-century Egyptian Church’s scriptural tradition. Edited by George William Horner, this volume presents the Sahidic Coptic text of the Gospel of John alongside a literal English

Fully translated

Codex Sinaiticus: New Testament (Facsimile)

Helen & Kirsopp Lake · 1911 · Greek · 337 pages

This monumental work offers more than a simple reproduction; it is a meticulous investigation into the physical and historical DNA of the Christian scriptures. Kirsopp and Helen Lake navigate the high-stakes world of 19th-century archaeology and palaeography to settle the long-standing debate over w

Fully translated

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