Joseph Sanzo on Magic and Confessional Boundaries in Late Antiquity
In discussions of ancient magic and Christianity, a number of lines are often drawn. One common one is the ‘normal religion vs.
Primary Sources
Targum Onkelos: Aramaic Torah
Abraham Berliner’s edition of the Targum Onkelos provides the standard Aramaic version of the Pentateuch, complete with scholarly corrections. The text distinguishes itself by replacing anthropomorphic descriptions of God with the 'Memra' or the Word of the Lord. It redefines the human soul as a 'sp
Aramaic Incantation Texts from Nippur
This study decodes the physical and linguistic evidence left by exorcists in Sassanian Babylonia. Montgomery challenges previous scholars by arguing that script styles are individual handwritings rather than clear markers of time. He frames these incantation bowls as tools for a mechanical, non-reli