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Wikimedia Commons · CC0 1.0 · Hover to magnify, click for fullscreen
Original fileA female figure wearing a helmet and classical drapery leans against a massive, broken stone column. Part of a series on the Seven Virtues, the engraving features the characteristically muscular and elongated proportions of the Haarlem Mannerist style. Two small coats of arms are visible in the upper corners of the arched architectural setting.
Fortitude is one of the four cardinal virtues, representing moral strength and the ability to endure hardship. In Renaissance Neoplatonism and natural philosophy, the cultivation of these virtues was considered a necessary prerequisite for the soul's ascent and the attainment of higher wisdom.
6 Strenua in adversis, et pro iustoq[ue], fidesq[ue], Dura pati Fortis supero indefessa ferendo. HG Inue. F.E.
Translation
6 Steadfast in adversity, and for justice and loyalty, Strong to endure hardships, tireless in bearing what is above. HG Inve. F.E.
Hendrick Goltzius
This print was engraved by Saenredam after an original design by Goltzius, the leader of the Haarlem Mannerists.
Aristotle
The concept of the cardinal virtues, including Fortitude, originates in classical ethics and remained central to Renaissance moral philosophy.
Object
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
plaatrand: hoogte 322 mm x breedte 167 mm
allegory
Linked Data
AI AI-cataloged fields generated by gemini-3-flash-preview on April 1, 2026. Getty identifiers are AI-inferred and may require verification.