Treatise on Military Preparedness (Vol. 101) (1621) - Page 11

⚠The interlinear glosses in this manuscript are written in a smaller, sometimes cramped script, making some phonetic transcriptions difficult to distinguish clearly.

Page 2

Section: Kinship and Neighbors

丁

This character "Ding" (丁) serves as a signature or leaf folder mark, indicating this is the fourth leaf of a specific section or fascicle.

Column 1	Column 2	Column 3	Column 4	Column 5	Column 6	Column 7	Column 8	Column 9
Lady A-ga original: "娘子." Mongolian: aka or achi. Often used as a respectful term for an elder sister or noblewoman.	Man A-le E-le original: "男子." Mongolian: ere, meaning male or man.	Brother-in-law A-hai Ku-li-gen original: "姐夫" (Elder sister's husband). Mongolian: aqai (elder) + kürgen (son-in-law/brother-in-law).	Younger Brother Dou-wu original: "兄弟." Mongolian: degüü, specifically referring to a younger sibling.	Paternal Uncle A-a-bu original: "叔叔." Mongolian: abaga (father's brother).	Father-in-law Ha-tun E-zhi-ge original: "外父" (Wife's father). Mongolian: quda (in-law) or qatun + echige (father).	Grandmother E-mu original: "祖母." Mongolian: eme (woman/grandmother).	Great-great-grandfather Guo-lin-chu Mu-e original: "高祖." Likely a transcription of qulun-chi.	Jurchen People Chi-zhu-er original: "女直兒." Mongolian: Jürched, the ethnic group that would later become the Manchus.
Son Kou-wu original: "兒子." Mongolian: kö'ün.	Wife Mo-e original: "老婆." Mongolian: eme, meaning woman or wife.	Brother-in-law Dou-wu Ku-li-gen original: "妹夫" (Younger sister's husband). Mongolian: degüü (younger) + kürgen.	Sister-in-law Bo-li original: "嫂子" (Elder brother's wife). Mongolian: beri (daughter-in-law or wife of a male relative).	Paternal Aunt A-bu-a Bo-li original: "嬸子" (Uncle's wife). Mongolian: abaga + beri.	Mother-in-law Ha-tun E-e original: "外母" (Wife's mother). Mongolian: quda (in-law) + eke (mother).	Parents E-zhi-ge E-mu original: "父母." Mongolian: echige (father) + eme (mother/woman).	Great-grandfather Al-lin-chu E-mu original: "曾祖." Mongolian: alan-chi.	Korean People Suo-long Gao original: "高麗." Mongolian: Solonggos.
Daughter-in-law Bo-li original: "媳婦." Mongolian: beri.	Lady Ha-tun original: "婦人." Mongolian: qatun (noblewoman/queen).	Younger Sister Dou-wu Ou-qin original: "妹子." Mongolian: degüü (younger) + ökin (girl/daughter).	Elder Sister E-ke original: "姐姐." Mongolian: eke. While usually meaning "mother," in this context it may denote a senior female relative.	Elder Brother A-a original: "哥哥." Mongolian: aqa.	Senior Uncle A-bin original: "大爺" (Father's elder brother). Mongolian: ab-in.	Mother E-ke original: "母." Mongolian: eke.	Grandfather E-bu-gen original: "祖." Mongolian: ebüge.	Han Chinese Qi-ta original: "漢人." Mongolian: Qitad, derived from "Khitan," a term historically used across Inner Asia to refer to Northern China.

Vocabulary Key

Glossary Name: Hua-Yi Yi-Yu (Sino-Barbarian Glossary) A series of bilingual dictionaries produced by the Ming Ming dynasty Bureau of Translators.
Language: Mongolian (transcribed via Chinese characters)
Theme: Kinship and Ethnicity
Key Terms Identified:

Father: Echige (額直革)
Mother: Eke (額克)
Grandfather: Ebüge (額補根)
Brother/Sibling: Aqa (Elder) and Degüü (Younger)
Ethnic Groups: Jürched (Jurchen), Solonggos (Korean), and Qitad (Han Chinese)