Northern Libya

In the geographical terminology of the 17th–19th centuries, "Libya" (Liweiya) was frequently used as a general name for the entire African continent. This map specifically illustrates the North African coast and the Mediterranean.

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North Latitude Sardinia original: "Sadao" (撒島); a phonetic transliteration of the island of Sardinia. City of Constantine original: "Junshitanni" (君士坦尼); refers to the historic city in modern-day Algeria, then a key Ottoman administrative center. Kingdom of Tunis original: "Shini Guo" (士匿國); a phonetic rendering of Tunis. The Wilderness original: "Shaye" (沙野); likely referring to the scrubland and desert fringes of the Atlas Mountains.

Kingdom of Italy

Island of Sicily

Port of Gabès
original: "Jiabei" (加北); likely a phonetic rendering of Gabès, a major port city in Tunisia.

Kingdom of Tripoli
original: "Huidipoli" (回地破里); a phonetic transliteration of Tripoli. The suffix "neighboring" (lin) suggests its borders with adjacent territories.

Northern Turkey
Referring to the Ottoman Empire's core territories in the Balkans and Anatolia.

Venice

Attica Coast
original: "Yata Haiyu" (亞他海隅); referring to the Greek peninsula and the region surrounding Athens.

Land of Asia
Referring specifically to Asia Minor or the Anatolian peninsula.

Fezzan
original: "Feisandi" (非散地); a historical region in southwestern Libya, known as a key junction for Saharan trade routes.

The Desert
Referring to the Sahara Desert.

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