original: "Kunyu Tushuo Xia Juan: Ouluobazhou Quan Tu" (坤輿圖說下卷 歐羅巴洲全圖). The "Kunyu Tushuo" was an influential world geography written by the Jesuit Ferdinand Verbiest in 1674 for the Kangxi Emperor.

Europe

original: "Ouluobazhou" (歐羅巴洲); the phonetic transliteration of "Europe" used in early modern Chinese cartography.

Map of the Various Nations

original: "Geguo Tu" (各國圖). This heading introduces the detailed breakdown of European states and kingdoms that follows this general overview.

**Technical