Page Eleven
Complete Map of Europe

Complete Map of Europe

This page features a woodcut map of Europe with labels in Chinese. It includes a coordinate grid with latitude and longitude marked in Chinese numerals. Such maps were common in late Ming and early Qing dynasty texts, often influenced by Jesuit cartography like that of Matteo Ricci.

Map Labels:

• Seas: The Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, the Yide Sea The Baltic Sea
• Islands: Island of Iceland Iceland, England, Yilan Island Ireland, Sardinia, Corsica, Sicily, Candia original: "Kandia," the historical name for Crete.
• Countries and Regions:
  • Western Europe: France, Bailiqi Belgium, Holland
  • Northern Europe: Dingrui Sweden, Danma Denmark, Norway The original text is unclear, possibly reading "Nuoying.", Scotland
  • Southern Europe: Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece, Turkey
  • Central and Eastern Europe: Russia, Prussia, Switzerland, Austria
  • Africa: Libya Libya or the continent of Africa In historical Chinese geography, "Libya" was often used to represent the entire African continent.

Coordinate Scales:

• Top (Longitude): Three, Two, One, Center, One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Gui The "Center" refers to the prime meridian used in the map, and "Gui" is a celestial stem used here as a directional marker.
• Bottom (Longitude): One, Two, Center, One, Two, Three
• Left (Latitude): 60, 55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30