Great Luzon, Portugal, and Holland

[Map Labels — Regions and Cities]

• Boundary of France original: "佛蘭西界" (Folaxi jie)
• Region of Biscay original: "比斯加部" (Bisijia bu); refers to the Bay of Biscay or the Basque region.
• Region of Navarre
• Region of Aragon
• Region of Catalonia
• City of Gades Cádiz
• Portugal
• Castile original: "加西得也" (Jiaxideye); a phonetic transliteration of the Spanish kingdom.
• Valencia
• Region of Murcia
• Seville
• Granada
• Castilla la Vieja original: "西利亞地也" (Xiliyadiye); likely a phonetic rendering of Old Castile or a related administrative division.

[Map Labels — Seas and Islands]

• Mediterranean Sea
• Island of Majorca
• Island of Minorca
• Island of Sardinia original: "沙加尼" (Shajiani); likely from the Latin Sardinia or Italian Sardegna.
• Continent of Libya Africa Historical Chinese maps often used "Libya" as the name for the entire African continent.

[Grid Coordinates]

• Longitude (Top/Bottom): Five, Four, Three, Two, One, Center The "Center" represents the prime meridian used by the cartographer, likely passing through the Canary Islands or Paris depending on the source map.
• Latitude (Right edge, descending): 42, 40, 38, 36, 34 These markings correspond to the actual latitudes of the Iberian Peninsula, from Northern Spain down toward the North African coast.

Great Luzon (Da Lüsong) A historical Chinese name for Spain, derived from the Spanish colonial presence in Luzon, Philippines, which was the primary point of contact between the two empires.