A Brief Survey of the Maritime Circuit: Spain

original: "瀛環志略大呂" (Ying Huan Zhi Lue Dalu). The Ying Huan Zhi Lue (1848) by Xu Jiyu is a landmark work in Chinese geography. "Dalu" (literally "Great Lu") was a 19th-century Chinese name for Spain, used to distinguish it from "Xiaolu" (Lesser Lu), which referred to the Spanish-controlled Philippines.

Top Grid Labels:
North | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | Center
These labels indicate degrees of latitude or longitude relative to a central meridian used in the woodblock print.

Map Body Text (Northern Region):

• French Border French Border
• Pyrenees Mountains Pyrenees Mountains
• Gipuzkoa original: 加比口亞斯 (Jiabikouyasi); a province in the Basque Country of northern Spain.
• Catalonia original: 加魯加達尼口 (Jialujiadanikou); located in the northeast corner bordering France.
• Navarre original: 拉瓦制 (Lawazhi); a historical region in the Pyrenees.

Map Body Text (Central Region):

• Old Castile Old Castile
• Aragon Aragon
• Ebro River Ebro River original: 羅尼波河 (Luonibo He).
• Cape St. Vincent (?) Cape St. Vincent? original: 總皮 (Zongpi); likely a phonetic rendering of a coastal landmark or a corruption of a local name like 'Sopeira'.
• Madrid Area Madrid Area
• Valencia Valencia
• Balearic Islands Balearic Islands

Map Body Text (Southern Region):

• New Castile New Castile
• Seville original: 西木亞爾口 (Ximuyarkou); the primary port city of southern Spain.
• Granada Granada
• Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean Sea
• Africa Africa

Right Edge Grid Labels:
4
3
2
1
First
2
3
4
5
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Bottom Grid Labels:
Map Legend | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | Center

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Combined Map of the Iberian Nations

original: "亞雨國合圖" (Yayu guo he tu). "Yayu" is a phonetic rendering of Hispania or Iberia often found in maps produced by Jesuit missionaries and later adopted by Chinese scholars.

Every map [...] Map of the Atlantic Ocean

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5 6 7 8 9 10 11
These numbers represent degrees of longitude along the top border of the map, reflecting the adoption of Western meridian systems.

River Douro original: "地未地" (Diweidi), likely derived from the Latin Durius.
Region of Galicia original: "加利西部" (Jialixi bu).
Minho River original: "尼文" (Niwen), from the Latin Minius.
Region of Asturias original: "押土利部" (Yatuli bu).
Region of Biscay original: "必政部" (Bizheng bu); this refers to the Basque country or the Bay of Biscay.
The Spanish Coast
The City of Pau A city in southern France near the Spanish border.
The City of Bayonne
The City of Agen
Region of Leon original: "利雲部" (Liyun bu).
Tagus River original: "河得加" (He Dejia), a phonetic rendering of the Portuguese Tejo.
Region of Entre-Douro-e-Minho original: "閑河部" (Xianhe bu), literally "the region between the rivers."
Region of Trás-os-Montes original: "山外部" (Shanwai bu), literally "the region beyond the mountains."