Comprehensive Map of Portugal

original: "衆葡萄亞合圖" (Zhong Putao Ya He Tu). The first character "Zhong" (multitude/general) may be a transcription error for "Ou" (Europe), which would make the title "Map of Portugal in Europe." "Putao Ya" is the phonetic rendering of Portugal used since the Ming Dynasty.

Each map is divided into quarters Map of the Atlantic Ocean

---

Coordinates

Longitude (Top): 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12
Latitude (Left): 43 | 42 | 41 | [blank] | 39 | 38 | 37 | 36

---

Toponyms and Labels

Seas and Capes

• The Atlantic Ocean original: 大西洋海 (Da Xi Yang Hai); literally "The Great Western Ocean." — Located on the left and northwest portions of the map
• Cape Finisterre original: 口斯里都斯亞 (Kousilidousiya); a phonetic rendering of the Latin 'Finis Terrae,' the 'End of the Earth.'
• Cape Roca original: 口杜耳 (Kouduer); likely referring to Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point of continental Europe.
• Cape St. Vincent original: 口拉比 (Koulabi); likely Cabo de São Vicente at the southwestern tip of Portugal.

Northern and Central Regions

• Galicia original: 加黎雕 (Jialidiao); a historic region in northwest Spain.
• Santiago de Compostela original: 聖第亞哥 (Shengdiyage); the famous pilgrimage site.
• Astorga original: 斯多爾加 (Siduoerjia); an ancient city in the province of León.
• Minho River original: 米羅河 (Miluo He); the river forming part of the northern border between Portugal and Spain.
• Douro River original: 達羅河 (Daluo He); one of the major rivers of the Iberian Peninsula.
• Salamanca original: 薩拉馬加 (Salamajia); the famous Spanish university city.
• Lisbon original: 里斯伯亞 (Lisiboya); the capital city of Portugal.
• Tagus River original: 德德亞 (Dedeya); known as the Tejo in Portuguese or Tajo in Spanish.
• Estremadura original: 馬都拉 (Madula); a historical province of Portugal.
• Mérida original: 墨里斯伯亞 (Molisiboya); a city in western Spain known for its Roman ruins.

Southern Regions

• Guadiana River original: 德人河 (Deren He); a major river defining the southern border between Spain and Portugal.
• Algarve original: 亞爾德人 (Ya'erderen); the southernmost region of Portugal.
• Albufeira original: 亞利平爾威 (Yaliping'erwei); a coastal city in the Algarve.
• Andalusia original: 安達魯西亞 (Andaluxiya); the southernmost autonomous community in Spain.
• Seville original: 塞維亞 (Saiweiya); the artistic and cultural capital of southern Spain.
• Cádiz original: 加利引阿 (Jialiyin'a); the ancient port city on the Atlantic coast.

---

This map is a significant example of how 17th-century Jesuit missionaries, such as Giulio Aleni in his work "Zhifang Waiji" (Records of Foreign Lands), introduced European geographic knowledge to China. The map illustrates the geography of Portugal and western Spain using the phonetic transliterations common in that era. The title's use of the character "Zhong" (衆) is likely a clerical error for "Ou" (歐, for Europe) or a specific variant used in certain printings. The inclusion of a coordinate grid reflects the adoption of Western cartographic standards in Chinese printing.