Illustrated Gazetteer of the Maritime Kingdoms, Volume 31

The mouth of the Ni River original: 尼河 (Nihe); referring to the Cuama mouth of the Zambezi River, which was once a bustling market port, has suddenly transformed into a desolate rural area. Sea-going vessels only occasionally arrive here, and their trade is limited to cotton and coarse goods.

Manica

Manica original: 嘛尼加 (Manijia) is bounded by Sofala to the east, by wilderness to the west, by the territory of Shemonasi likely the Sabia River region to the south, and by the wilderness of Mocaranga to the north. In the year 1569 the 3rd year of the Longqing reign of the Ming Dynasty, the Portuguese original: 術荷亞人 (Shuheyaren); a phonetic rendering of "Portuga" led an army to seize and occupy this land. They constructed forts, established a port for trade, and mined for gold. The gold is found mixed within mountain rocks; although they exert the greatest effort to extract it, the yield is not abundant. Only the trade in copper, iron, ivory, and the trafficking of people the slave trade is conducted on a very large scale.

Mocaranga

The wilderness of Mocaranga original: 摩加蘭 (Mojialan); referring to the Kingdom of Karanga is bounded by the sea to the east, by wilderness to the west, by Sofala to the south, and by Mozambique original: 莫新彌葵 (Moxinmikui) to the north. The indigenous people original: 土番 (tuban) have faces that are shiny black with thick lips and curly hair. Their only weapons are bows and arrows; they possess no firearms. It is heard that this land was formerly the Kingdom of Monomotapa original: 摩諾摩達巴 (Monuomodaba); the Mutapa Empire of Southern Africa, of which the Simo possibly the Shona was the leading tribe. Later, the kingdom was fractured, with various factions each dominating a different area. Those who once occupied Zambezia original: 牙麥臘 (Yamaila) were the raiders from Lake Malawi original: 麻臘威湖 (Malawei hu), who seized the Simo tribal lands for themselves...