Illustrated Gazetteer of the Maritime Kingdoms, Vol. 21

Illustrated Gazetteer of the Maritime Kingdoms: Volume 38

The Atlantic Ocean: Portugal

The land was invaded by the Dutch. Initially, the people felt the grace of King Philip original: 菲里王 (Fēilǐ Wáng); referring to the Spanish Habsburg kings during the Iberian Union, but later enmity arose. In 1640 the 13th year of the Chongzhen era of the Ming Dynasty, the various tribes and people were filled with indignation; they raised an army to drive out the people of Spain original: 大呂宋 (Dà Lǚsòng); literally "Great Luzon," the common Qing-era name for Spain. They deposed the former king and established a new king referring to John IV of the House of Braganza, no longer accepting Spanish control.

The throne was passed down for four generations, during which time the affairs of the state fell into neglect and the border territories were all lost. At that time, King Mamir original: 麻密王 (Mámì Wáng); likely a transcription for a Spanish monarch or a reference to the Treaty of Madrid of Spain was deeply mindful of the "lips and teeth" a Chinese idiom for close interdependence relationship between the nations. Having established friendly relations with England original: 英吉利 (Yīngjílì), Spain also resolved its ancestral feud with Portugal and opened the borders for trade and commerce. Consequently, the gold produced in the Portuguese territory of Brazil original: 摩那濟爾 (Mónàjì'ěr) first began to be imported.

In 1807 the 12th year of the Jiaqing era of the Qing Dynasty, King Bonaparte original: 摩那巴底 (Mónábādǐ); Napoleon Bonaparte of France original: 佛蘭西 (Fólánxī) dispatched General Junot original: 馬詔 (Mǎzhào) to lead an army in a surprise attack on Portugal. Being caught off guard and unprepared, the Portuguese abandoned Lisbon original: 義斯門 (Yìsīmén) and fled. Brazil original: 摩那濟爾 (Mónàjì'ěr) soon received assistance from England and began to expel the French and recover their former capital. The King's son subsequently ascended the throne within the country of Brazil, where the officials are not permanent...