Great Western Ocean: The Kingdom of Portugal

Distances are measured in li a Chinese unit of distance, approximately half a kilometer, but a full day and night are also divided into ten "watches" original: 更 (geng). It is common to say that the route from one point to another takes a certain number of watches.

The people are fair-skinned with prominent noses and deep-set green eyes that do not seem to blink. They do not grow out their natural facial or head hair; instead, they wear wigs woven from black and white hair that cover the head and reach the neck in thick, curly masses. These wigs are bestowed by the Pope original: 法王 (Fawang), literally "Dharma King," a term used in this period for the Roman Pontiff, and those who receive them consider it a great honor.

Those whose bodies are as dark as lacquer, with only red lips and white teeth, and who otherwise resemble humans, are called "ghost slaves" original: 鬼奴 (guinu). In the 14th year of the Hongwu reign of the Ming Dynasty 1381 CE, the Kingdom of Java presented 300 of these black slaves as tribute; the following year, they presented another 100 male and female black slaves. Note: This refers to the same people as the "Moha" given to Tao Xian by the Governor of Hainan. In the Tang Dynasty, they were called Kunlun slaves a historical term for dark-skinned peoples from Southeast Asia or Africa. They can enter the water without needing to blink, and wealthy, powerful families often kept them as servants. The History of the Ming Dynasty also records that the Dutch original: 和蘭 (Helan) employed them, calling them "Crow Ghosts" original: 烏鬼 (wugui). They do not sink in water and can walk across the surface of the sea as if on level ground.

Wealthy people in the Guangdong region also occasionally keep them; they are exceptionally strong and can carry several hundred pounds. When they first arrive from the various overseas islands and are given cooked food, they suffer from severe diarrhea for several days; this is referred to as "changing the intestines" original: 換腸 (huanchang); a reference to the biological adjustment to a new diet.