Illustrated Gazetteer of the Maritime Countries (Vol. 30)

Voronezhsk, Kievsk, Smolensk, Saint Petersburg, Gorod original: "Guoluoduo"; likely referring to Novgorod or the Russian word for city, gorod, Arkhangelsk, and Moskovsk Moscow.

The castles and forts belonging to each Sko A phonetic rendering of the Russian suffix -skoe or -sky, denoting an administrative district or oblast are called Baixing. The number of these settlements varies; some districts have over a hundred, while others have only ten or twenty.

In the Mongol language, permanent residences are called Bansheng 升, sheng. Since Russia neighbors the Mongol lands, it is suspected that Baixing is a phonetic variation of this term.

Regarding the official system: to the left and right of the Khan The Tsar are four close attendants who have the power to govern. Each Sko is assigned a General Manager locally called a Gagabei Likely a transliteration of Gubernator (Governor). Each Baixing is assigned a headman.

As for the land, a tax of one-tenth is collected. All those who make their living by hunting must pay tribute in Sable original: diaoshu, Fox, Ermine 銀鼠, yinshu, literally "silver mouse", and Squirrel 灰鼠, huishu, literally "grey mouse". Those who are not hunters pay an annual tax of two hundred silver coins.

The laws are as follows:
Those who commit treason or rebel against the superiors are to be dismembered.
Those who suffer defeat and retreat when facing the enemy are decapitated.
Those who commit robbery or murder are both punished by decapitation.
Those who wound others have their hands cut off.
Those who steal from the granaries or steal government property...