Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Kingdoms: Volume 20

Page Three

...they also have red copper coins and small silver coins used in circulation. They use sixteen inches 寸, cun to make one foot 尺, chi, twelve ounces 兩, liang to make one pound 𠀪, bang The character 𠀪 was a specialized 19th-century coinage created to represent the British or Russian pound, and one thousand paces to make one mile 里, li, though this was later changed to five hundred paces per mile.

Regarding the trees, there are fir, pine, ponytail pine, poplar, birch, thickets, willow, cherry, dian Possibly a species of oak or a ritual tree, elm, and rose-brier. Regarding the grains, there are barley, wheat, buckwheat, oats, and millet. Regarding the vegetables, there are radish, turnip, Napa cabbage, cucumber, coriander, squash, scallion, and garlic.

Regarding the beasts and livestock, there are camels, horses, cattle, bears, wolves, elk original: kandada. A transliteration of the Manchu kandahan, referring to the moose or elk, wild boars, deer, roe deer, Mongolian gazelles, foxes, raccoon dogs, rabbits, sables, ermines, and squirrels. There is also the qu rat This refers to the mammoth, based on contemporary misunderstandings of fossil remains, which travels underground and dies instantly upon encountering the Yang energy The "breath of Yang" refers to sunlight or fresh air. Its body is massive, with some weighing as much as ten thousand pounds. The bone is white and lustrous in color, resembling ivory; its nature is extremely "cold," and eating it can dispel vexing heat In Traditional Chinese Medicine, "heat" refers to inflammation or fever. The bones can be fashioned into implements. In those parts, it is called the Mamen Suowa original: "麻門索窪" - a transliteration of the Russian mamontova, or mammoth.

Regarding the birds, there are hawks, eagles, cranes, storks, falcons, crows, ducks, and chickens. There is also the Niemuqin chicken Likely the capercaillie (wood grouse) or a turkey, which is as large as a goose, with high legs and a short tail; some are charcoal black with patterned markings. They walk