Page 2

The northern territory under its jurisdiction borders the Western Oceans original: Xiyang. Here referring to Europe to the west, and extends southwest to the old lands of the Torghuts and the borders of the Dzungars. To the north, it reaches the sea. It is situated over 20,000 li A Chinese mile, roughly 500 meters from the capital of China. The tribute route begins at Kyakhta, passes through the lands of the Khalkha Mongols, and enters through the Great Wall at Zhangjiakou to reach the capital. This land is located in the extreme north and was difficult to reach in ancient times.

A Detailed Investigation of the Subjected Tribes of the Xiongnu during the Qin and Han Dynasties

The Records of the Grand Historian ("Treatise on the Xiongnu") states that the Mao-dun Chanyu The supreme leader of the Xiongnu Empire subdued the nations of the Hunyu, Qushe, Dingling, Gekun, and Xinli to the north.
The Zhengyi commentary A standard 8th-century commentary on the Shiji states: The five nations including the Xinli are located north of the Xiongnu. According to the Weilue A 3rd-century historical text: North of the Xiongnu lie the nations of the Hunyu, Qushe, Dingling, Gekun, and Xinli. These are likely located south of the Northern Sea referring to Lake Baikal, extending from the Northern Dingling to the southwest of the Wusun.
The Han dynasty records mention the Jiankun and the Dingling.
Regarding the Dingling: the elders of the Wusun people say that in the land of the Northern Dingling, there is a "Horse-Shin Nation" A legendary tribe mentioned in ancient texts, rumored to have legs like horses. Their armies broke the Jiankun to the west. The Book of Han ("Treatise on the Xiongnu") says: The Zhizhi Chanyu struck the Wujie in the north and forced their surrender; he then deployed their troops to break the Jiankun in the west and forced the Dingling in the north to submit. Note: The Jiankun were north of the Wusun, west of the Wujie, and south of the Dingling. The people called the Dingling in the Records of the Grand Historian are the same as those who, in the Tang Dynasty, were known as the Xiajiasi Also known as the Kirghiz and the Guligan. These are the ancestors of modern-day Russia.
The Book of Tang states that the Xiajiasi
were the ancient Jiankun nation. Their land is situated west of Yiwu modern Hami and north of Karasahr, beside the mountains. Some say they were also called the Jiegu. Their people are of mixed Dingling descent and occupied the northwestern part of the Xiongnu territory. The Xiongnu once enfeoffed a surrendered Han general Likely referring to Li Ling, a Han general who surrendered to the Xiongnu and was said to have fathered the Jiankun/Kirghiz ruling line in this region.