Illustrated Gazetteer of the Maritime Countries (Vol. 30)

The Tsar original: 漢汗; a phonetic rendering of "Khan," specifically referring to the "White Khan" or Tsar of Russia sent an envoy with a memorial, stating that the border people of his humble nation had instigated the conflict and should naturally be strictly punished. He pleaded for the lifting of the siege of Yaksa Albazin and requested that the borders be formally demarcated. This request was granted. In the 28th year [of the Kangxi reign] 1689 AD, the Emperor dispatched the Inner Minister Songgotu and others to meet with the Russian envoy Fedor Fedor Golovin at Nerchinsk to hold a conference.

They established the Gorbitsa River and the Stanovoy Mountains The Outer Khingan range as the border. The previously occupied areas of Nerchinsk and Yaksa were all incorporated into the imperial maps. A stone tablet was erected by the Gorbitsa River to serve as a permanent marker. From that time forward, trade envoys arrived annually or every other year, never deviating from the established regulations.

In the 30th year 1691 AD, Russia returned two fugitives. The Lifanyuan Court of Colonial Affairs; the Qing administrative office that managed relations with Inner Asian frontiers and Russia sent a formal communication to commend them. That same year, the White Khan sent an envoy to bring tribute. Shengzu The posthumous title of the Kangxi Emperor reviewed the draft of the memorial and said to the Grand Secretaries: "I believe a tribute offering from Russia has never occurred before. Their country is very far from the capital, but from here a land route leads directly there. Starting from Jiayu Pass, it is an eleven or twelve-day journey to Hami. From Hami, it is a twelve or thirteen-day journey to Turpan. Once past Turpan, one enters the territory of Russia. I have heard their country is vast, spanning over 20,000 li Approximately 6,000 miles or 10,000 kilometers."

In the 39th year 1700 AD, Russia dispatched an envoy to deliver a memorial.

Shengzu The Kangxi Emperor said: