Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Kingdoms Volume 16 Northern Oceans Historical Geography of Russia Page 9

Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Kingdoms: Volume 16

The Geography of Russia (Continued)

The Angara River original: 多昂噶刺河 (Duo'anggala he) flows out from the northwest of Lake Baikal original: 白哈兒湖 (Baiha'er hu). It flows northwest for one hundred and five li A traditional Chinese unit of distance, roughly 500 meters until it reaches the city of Irkutsk original: 厄爾庫城 (E'erku cheng), where it receives the waters of the Irkut River original: 厄衛庫河 (Eweiku he) coming from the southwest.

The river continues its northwest course for over two thousand nine hundred li. To the northeast, it receives the Ilim River original: 伊里穆河 (Yilimu he). After several hundred more li, it joins the Yenisei River original: 伊聶謝河 (Yiniexie he) and flows into the Northern Sea The Arctic Ocean. This river system is over three thousand li long and receives more than ten smaller streams. It also connects with the Selenga River original: 色楞格 (Selengge).

Both banks of the river, as well as the riverbed itself, are marked by high peaks and steep cliffs. The water is so deep it cannot be measured with a pole, and the current is so swift that boat travel is extremely perilous. Even in the fifth and sixth months mid-summer, ice can still be found. According to older records, the banks of the Angara—from where the Ilim flows in down to the Yenisei—are also called the Tunguska River original: 通古斯科河 (Tonggusike he) by the Russians. More than ten small rivers flow into it.

Within the Angara River, there are five Byk original: 伯克 (Beike); Russian for "bull," used here to describe massive rocks or cliffs that narrow a river, eight Porog original: 破落克 (Poluoke); Russian for "threshold" or "rapid", and nine Shivera original: 西費拉 (Xifeila); a Siberian term for a shallow, rocky rapid.

The maps describe high peaks within the water or hanging cliffs overlooking the water as Byk. These include:

• Miesunbie'er Byk
• Badarmanske Byk
• Dada'erske Byk
• Miefielaske Byk
• Damuke Byk

The term Porog refers to places where the river drops steeply between cliffs over large rocks, creating a hanging waterfall. These include:

• Bohazang'er'er'na Porog
• Yapinai Porog
• Padun Porog Historically one of the most famous and dangerous rapids on the Angara
• Dolgy Porog
• Shapusk Porog
• Aplinsk Porog
• Murzinsk Porog
• Strelosh Porog

The term Shivera refers to shallow areas located within swift currents. These include:

• Losh Shiveraske
• Nasnai Shivera
• Beg Shivera
• Golovva Shivera
• Gobia-Musos Shivera
• Mushna Shivera
• Oshana Shivera
• Orgina Shivera
• Xi... Text cuts off mid-name