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The Biography of Li Ling in the Book of Han states that the Xiongnu established Wei Lü as the King of the Dingling. A commentary notes that the Dingling were a distinct branch of the Xiongnu. Furthermore, a commentary on the Biography of Su Wu notes that the "Dingling" mentioned there is the same as the "Dingling" original: 丁零 (Dingling) vs 丁令 (Dingling); variants of the same ethnonym mentioned above.
Thus, the southern border of Russia is the ancient territory of the Dingling. In the region of Lake Baikal original: 白哈爾 (Baiha’er), the products include wheat and barley. This small lake referring to the northern reaches of the Baikal system is the "Northern Sea" where Su Wu A famous Han dynasty diplomat (140–60 BCE) who was exiled for 19 years and allegedly herded goats by the lake once herded rams. To the north, there are ground-dwelling insects which
Pine, fir, and birch trees are found in all locations.
The Book of Tang states that the Kurikan original: 骨利幹 (Guligan); an ancient Turkic people in the Baikal region produce excellent horses. Their heads resemble those of camels; they are powerful and large, capable of galloping hundreds of li in a single day.
The horses produced in Russia today are all as tall as oxen oxen and larger than the usual breed; they are of this same lineage. Sheep, pigs, and deer are also found here.
The Book of Tang mentions a "Country of Piebald Horses" original: 駮馬國 (Bomaguo) located east of the Piye-gu tribe.
In the north, there are trees but no grass. The land is named Taitai likely referring to the tundra or mossy lands; tai means moss. There are no sheep or horses. The people are numerous and keep deer that are like cattle or horses. These deer eat only moss. It is the custom to use them to pull sleds and to use deer skins to make clothing.
The History of Yuan records that the Hanhana original: 撼合納 (Hanhana); possibly the Khankhana/upper Yenisei region is located east of the Us original: 烏斯 (Wusi) at the source of the Qian River the Upper Yenisei. The poor people there have no permanent property; they all use birch bark to make huts and tents. They use white deer to carry their baggage and travel gear. They survive by taking deer milk, gathering pine nuts, and digging up the roots of mountain lilies and peonies for food. Today, in the eastern Russian territory of Yeniseysk original: 伊聶謝柏興 (Yiniexie Baixing), there is a type of poor people called the Khamnigan original: 喀穆尼漢 (Kamunihan), also known as the Tungus original: 通古斯 (Tonggusi). They all raise deer reindeer to serve as mounts and pack animals. These deer are grey-white in color, shaped like donkeys, and have antlers. They are called Orun original: 俄倫 (Elun); likely from the Evenki word oron for reindeer and belong to this same species.
This animal is produced in the Yeniseysk region.
A northern place name.
In the Chinese language, this means "mouse."
This beast is produced in the extreme northeast near the trenches of the Yakutsk original: 牙特庫 (Yateku) region. Its body is as large as an elephant and it weighs ten thousand jun An ancient unit of weight; used here to imply immense mass. It travels within the earth and dies immediately upon encountering the wind This refers to the "earth-mouse" or "mammoth" myth. Ancient Chinese scholars believed mammoth remains found in the permafrost were giant moles that died if they reached the surface. Its bones are frequently found within the soil along riverbanks. The texture of the bone is smooth, moist, and pure white like elephant ivory. The local people use it... The text likely continues to explain the trade in mammoth ivory